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Disability in the News Archive Heart Disease Risk For Individuals With Spinal Cord InjuryThe following summary is adapted and distributed for use with permission from Aspen Publishers, Inc., from: Recent research studies have found that people with spinal cord injury have an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) at an earlier age than in the non-disabled population. In fact, it has been reported that cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death for persons with a spinal cord injury of more than 30 years and for those people with SCI who are more than 60 years of age (Whiteneck). Certain risk factors for cardiovascular disease exist that are specific to the spinal cord injured population. People with SCI are generally more insulin resistant than the non-disabled population. This insulin resistance adversely effects the body's ability to use blood sugar normally. Insulin resistance results in multiple metabolic and blood pressure abnormalities that can increase the risk of developing the atherosclerotic-type of heart disease. These abnormalities include the development of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance, high blood pressure (hypertension), high blood fat levels (triglycerides), with a lower level of the "beneficial" type of blood cholesterol (known as HDL-cholesterol) and relatively high levels of the "bad" type of blood cholesterol (known as LDL-cholesterol). Contributing to the metabolic abnormalities are certain physical changes associated with spinal cord injury that increase the risk of CHD development. These include the loss of muscle mass due to atrophy below the level of the spinal cord lesion, an increase in body fat, and a general decrease in the ability to maintain cardiovascular or aerobic fitness. Recent studies by Bauman and Spungen demonstrated that people with a spinal cord injury who were less fit on a cardiovascular test were more likely to be insulin resistant. People with spinal cord injury must use appropriate prevention strategies to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Important goals include having proper screening tests for disorders of blood sugar, eating a healthy diet, not smoking, avoiding excessive alcohol, and participating in regular physical exercise. A knowledgeable medical professional can assist with obtaining these goals. Prevention Strategies:
References: Whiteneck, G. Learning from empirical investigations. In: Menter, R., Whiteneck, G., eds. Perspectives on Aging with Spinal Cord Injury. New York: Demos Publications, 1992. Bauman, W.A. & Spungen, A.M. Disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in veterans with paraplegia or quadriplegia: A model of premature aging. Metabolism. 1994, 43:949-956. Source: Adapted from: Bauman, W.A. Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in individuals after spinal cord injury. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation. 1997, 2(4):1-22 with permission from Aspen Publishers, Inc. Adaptation written by: Back to Disability in the News Archive Browse the News Room Archives
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