1.    A Different Approach to Export Promotion (with graphs)
            This 8 pp. note argues that expanding exports requires fewer initiatives to liberalize international trade (getting the exchange rate right and liberalizing the BOP current account) and more initiatives to liberalize domestic trade and market expansion. The basis of the argument is that a country's international trade (the sum of imports and exports) rises along with increases in the size of domestic markets and the amounts of domestic trade. It doesn't work the other way around. That is initiatives to expand international trade are "unnatural" and don't expand domestic trade and the size of domestic markets.

2.    Should the Government of Egypt Try to Bring Informal Firms into the Formal Economy?
               This 7 pp. note argues that government initiatives to "formalize" the informal economy (e.g., through micro credit schemes) will have a harmful effect on the economy by reducing competition and freedom of entry. What the government should do is deregulate so that formal economy enterprises can freely buy inputs from  the informal economy. This will raise demand and earnings of informal enterprises, lower formal economy costs of production and encourage efficiency-based import substitution and export expansion.

3.    Should Each Businessman Own/Manage Multiple Firms?
                This one page note argues that establishing asset markets and making "entry" easier will increase the number of owners/managers and reduce the number of firms owned/managed by each businessman. Accomplishing this will markedly increase economic efficiency or total factor productivity (TFP) in developing countries.

4.    Why The Government of Egypt (GOE) Shouldn't Borrow from Abroad
                This 4 pp. note presents several arguments for why GOE should borrow domestically rather than borrowing from abroad or guaranteeing the foreign currency value of domestic debt borrowed by foreigners.