Periodontal disease is a gradual and progressive destructive process that threatens the gums and other supporting structures of the teeth. Gum disease is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults of age 35 and older. The most common form of gum disease is called gingivitis. Subsequently, the gums become inflamed and bleed easily. Gingivitis can be treated with thorough and frequent plaque removal. However, if left untreated, it may lead to periodontitis, a more serious state of periodontal disease.ln periodontitis, infected pockets forms between the teeth and the gum, and the bone which supports the teeth may be destroyed. When this happens, perfectly healthy teeth become loosened and can ultimately be lost.

What are the symptoms?

They range from bleeding when brushing, bad breath to loose teeth and pain.
 

Who Is Affected?

Everyone is susceptible. At least 75% of American adults will have some periodontal destruction in their lifetime.
 

What Causes Periodontal Disease?

In most cases periodontal disease results from poor oral hygiene. Masses of bacteria hold to teeth, forming a sticky film called dental plaque. Food particles

feed the bacteria and produces acids, enzymes, and other harmful substances that irritate the soft tissues of gum and destroy supporting bones. When the plaque is not removed on a regular basis it converts to hard calcified deposits commonly referred to as tartar.

Other factors which contribute to periodontal conditions include accumulation of tartar or calculus, poor nutrition, smoking and chewing tobacco, heredity lack of resistance, and other imbalances caused by various diseases such as diabetes   or from pregnancy.
 

What Can Be Done?

Controlling bacteria is the key preventive measure. In its early stages, periodontal disease is completely reversible. Many patients respond well to a plaque removal program. After a few weeks swollen gums shrink and grow firm, and loose teeth become more stable. Unfortunately the tissue which is lost will not grow back except in unusual circumstances. However, if you remove plaque regularly you can usually avoid this periodontal disease.

Regular brushing is an important step in plaque removal. Most people do not brush correctly, and thus reduce the effectiveness of this method. Your dentist can show you the most effective way of brushing. A key rule is not to brush too vigorously. Use soft nylon brush with rounded ends on its bristles. Use dental floss to remove bacteria from between the teeth where most the gum's pocket begin, but make sure not to cut the gum tissue. Ask your dentist how to correctly floss. Especially to reach all parts of the teeth.

Even if you wear dentures, it is still important to use proper cleaning techniques to protect your gum and dentures.