By Jack A. Bobo, Esq.
The geological and ecological history of the Earth is written in the ice and rocks of Antarctica. In order for this rich heritage to be of benefit, scientists must have free access to the shores of this continent. It is therefore significant that Antarctica has also become the first territory fully open to scientific research from all nations. This continent has been, and continues to be, an important example of international cooperation.
Antarctica plays an essential role in maintaining the balance of the Earth's ecological systems. This frozen continent exerts a great influence on the world's climate in the form of cold air and cold water currents. It also remains the last largely unpolluted and unexploited territory in the world. By monitoring the impact of global pollution on Antarctica scientists gain an understanding of the impact of pollution on other ecosystems around the world. The study of species indigenous to Antarctica plays an important role in the effort to understand the processes that sustain life around the globe. Scientists have found the simple ecosystems present in Antarctica to be useful as models to chart the future of more complex systems. Some species also represent an important natural resource. For example, the Antarctic krill population may eventually provide an important source of protein to countries faced with famine and drought.
Increased public awareness of the natural beauty of Antarctica has been a significant factor in recent efforts to protect the last great wilderness, however, the attention has also brought with it certain problems. Antarctica, no longer the preserve of scientists and explorers, now attracts tourists by the thousands.