Bill Moore's
Folk Wisdom Page.

Copyright © 2003, G. William Moore, MD, PhD.
http://www.medparse.com/billfolk.htm
DRAFT COPY ONLY.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Dr. Moore is a board-certified anatomic pathologist,
a licensed Maryland physician, and a baptized Christian.

0. TABLE OF CONTENTS.



  • 1. Biography of G. William Moore, MD, PhD.

  • 2. Being a Pathologist.

  • 3. Science and Mathematics.

  • 4. Information Technology.

  • 5. Being an American.

  • 6. Classical Greece and Rome.

  • 7. Europe.

  • 8. Germany.

  • 9. Great Britain.

  • 10. Middle East.

  • 11. Asia.

  • 12. Japan.

  • 13. China.

  • 14. Being a Christian.

  • 15. References.

  • 16. Return to Bill Moore's home page.

  • 17. Additional information.

    1. BIOGRAPHY OF
    G. WILLIAM MOORE, MD, PhD.

    George William Moore, MD, PhD, is a board-certified anatomic pathologist, a licensed Maryland physician, and a baptized Christian. He was born in August, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and was baptized in April, 1946.

    He attended public schools in Highland Park, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. He was awarded the Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, in 1967; the PhD degree in Biomathematics from North Carolina State University at Raleigh in 1971; and the MD degree from Wayne State University School of Medicine in 1976.

    Dr. Moore completed a residency and fellowship in Anatomic Pathology at The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions in 1981. He is board-certified in Anatomic Pathology, and a licensed Maryland physician.

    He has been married to Mrs. Barbara L. Moore for over 30 years, and has two sons.

    2. BEING A PATHOLOGIST.



    The Job of the Pathologist.

    Most pathologists spend most of their time as surgical pathologists or cytopathologists. These are pathologists who examine the morphologic appearances of tissues, and correlate these appearances with pathologic processes that occur in the human body. These pathologists make nearly all the new diagnoses of cancer in advanced medical cultures. In the USA, with a population of 280,000,000, a dedicated cadre of 18,000 pathologists examine some 40,000,000 cases each year.

    You can't be a decent pathologist if your training and experience are deficient in understanding either the morphologic appearances of tissues or pathologic processes. When I was young and foolish, I used to consider this a statement by tired old men who were insecure about their jobs, and didn't want pathology informatics to succeed, and possibly replace them. I'm now a tired old man myself, and I agree with my teachers of yesteryear!

    Almost every disease has a morphologic appearance that can be mistaken for something else with a different clinical history. My favorite example is a small piece of tissue from an unknown part of the body (remember, the pathologist doesn't see the patient, and doesn't necessarily know where the tissue came from), with the morphologic appearance that pathologists call: SMALL BLUE CELL TUMOR. Without further information, this tumor could be:
    small cell carcinoma of lung.
    small cell carcinoma of prostate.
    esthesioneuroblastoma.
    adrenal neuroblastoma.
    spinal cord neuroblastoma.
    retinoblastoma.
    Merkel cell tumor.
    metastatic small cell carcinoma.
    Each of these tumors has a different prognosis and therapy. If the pathologist is only given a body-site origin of the tissue and an appropriate clinical history, then he/she can decide which of the diagnoses is correct.

    Sternberg SS, ed. Antonioli DA, Carter D, Eggleston JC, Mills SE, Oberman H, assoc eds.
    Diagnostic Surgical Pathology.
    New York: Raven Press. 1989;:.
    ISBN 0-88167-442-7, 1776 pages, 2 vols.

    Cancer: Yes or No.

    Many amateur pathologists, including non-pathologist physicians and medical informaticians, think that what we do for a living is to distinguish cancer from non-cancer. If this were only true, then the job of a pathologist could be performed by a bright, mature person with a high-school diploma and a few weeks of on-the-job training. This misperception of pathology has led to a widespread belief among amateur pathologists, that our job can be replaced by imaging systems and sufficiently well-conditioned computer programs. This may be true some day in the future, but not until the informaticians have a more accurate sense of our actual job as pathologists. A more accurate description would be that we distinguish almost-cancer from not-almost-cancer. So far, this discernment requires many years of training and experience, and calls upon our knowledge of morphologic appearances of tissues and pathologic processes.

    What the Pathologist
    does for the Surgeon.

    One of my colleagues, as an exercise for pathology residents (i.e., pathologists-in-training), sits with the resident, shows the resident the medical history for the case, and asks: what is the diagnosis? If the resident is smart and well-read, then he/she can get the answer correctly about 95% of the time. Then he puts the slide under the microscope, and makes the final diagnosis for the case. Since the surgeon knows the medical history before he/she submits the case to the pathologist, it would be fair to say that the surgeon only really needs the pathologist for about one in twenty cases. However, the surgeon doesn't know WHICH case out of twenty requires the pathologist's attention. As another colleague put it: as long as there are medical malpractice lawyers, there will be jobs for pathologists.

    Atypia versus Dysplasia.

    At least moderate dysplasia only goes one way.

    Pathologist on the job.

    Vulnerable days; days on call; duty to take a properly identified specimen. Who gets which case?

    Me Too.

    Things that look alike. What is alike?

    Like Me.

    diagnose cells by the company they keep.

    Lots of facts, a few simple ideas.









    Favorite Special Stain: Recuts.
    Second Favorite Special Stain: Looking up the old case.
    Third Favorite Special Stain: Good Clinical History.

    Aphorism for pathology residents from Dr. Jules J. Berman.
    http://www.pathinfo.com

    Recuts.

    The second best special stain.

    Sutton's Law.

    The notorious bank robber, Willie Sutton, was once asked why he always robbed banks. Reportedly he responded, Because that's where the money is. In his book, Sutton denies that he ever said this, and speculated that an enthusiastic reporter made up the line.

    The concept, GO WHERE THE MONEY IS, became a part of medical lore in the 1960s, when Dr. Paul Beeson immortalized SUTTON'S LAW in a paper that appeared in the American Journal of Medicine. This paper advised administering the most likely antibiotic to a patient with an acute infection, i.e., go where the money is, while one is waiting for culture results. Drs. Hutchins, Bulkley, and I incorporated this idea into a paper on uncertainty in medical decisions.

    Sutton W, Linn E.
    Where the money was.
    Out of Print.

    Beeson P.
    Treatment of infectious disease....
    Am J Med. 1960....

    Moore GW, Hutchins GM, Bulkley BH.
    Certainty levels in the nullity method of symbolic logic: application to the pathogenesis of congenital heart malformations.
    J Theor Biol. 1979 Jan 7;76(1):53-81.

    Hippocrates Oath.



    First Do No Harm.



    Screw loose in his eyeglasses.

    According to legend, in a prestigious east-coast American medical school long ago

    Headache before an examination.

    According to legend, in a prestigious east-coast American medical school long ago

    3. SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS.



    Alexander the Great's cryptography.

    This story was told to me by Prof. Nicholas DeClaris, who could not give me an exact reference.

    Foundations of Mathematics.

    Wilder R.

    Plato's Ideals.



    David Hilbert's Formalism.



    Brouwer's Intuitionism.



    Quasi-emperical mathematics.



    "Goedel was the last, great Platonist."



    Schneier B.
    Applied Cryptography, Second Edition. Protocols, Algorithms, and Source Code in C.
    New York: John Wiley & Sons. 1996;:249-250.
    ISBN 0-471-12845-7, 758 pages.

    Lookup Table, One-time-pad.
    Only cipher allowed by HIPAA.

    Invented in 1917 by French Major Joseph Maubourgne. Also by Gilbert Vernam, at American Telephone and Telegraph.

    This is an unbreakable cipher, the only one that is allowed for passing individually identifiable patient medical records under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, as amended.

    Schneier B.
    Applied Cryptography, Second Edition. Protocols, Algorithms, and Source Code in C.
    New York: John Wiley & Sons. 1996;:15-17.
    ISBN 0-471-12845-7, 758 pages.

    Caesar Cipher.

    This is a simple cipher, attributed to Julius Caesar, in which each of the 26 letters of the Roman alphabet (actually, there were fewer letters in Caesar's day) are moved ahead by three letters: A becomes D, B becomes E, C becomes F, etc.

    Schneier B.
    Applied Cryptography, Second Edition. Protocols, Algorithms, and Source Code in C.
    New York: John Wiley & Sons. 1996;:.
    ISBN 0-471-12845-7, 758 pages.

    Modulo arithmetic.

    First-century Chinese mathematician, Sun Tse, discovered the Chinese Remainder Theorem.

    Schneier B.
    Applied Cryptography, Second Edition. Protocols, Algorithms, and Source Code in C.
    New York: John Wiley & Sons. 1996;:15-17.
    ISBN 0-471-12845-7, 758 pages.

    Albert Einstein. 1879-1955. Nobel Prize, Physics, 1921.

    Prize awarded for Einstein's work on Brownian motion, because relativity was considered such a questionable concept by many physicists of the day. The concept of relativity had been effectively proved in 1919, when Sir Arthur Eddington, an English physicist, studied the position of stars during a total eclipse of the sun, observed in South Africa.
    http://www.nobel.se/
    http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html



    5. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY.



    Computer translation.



    5. BEING AN AMERICAN.



    U. S. Bill of Rights.

    First ten amendments to the United States Constitution.

    1. Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly.

    2. Right to bear arms.

    3. Quartering during peacetime.

    4. Unreasonable search and seizure. Warrant signed by a judge. Roe versus Wade. 1972.

    5. Against self-incrimination. Immanent domain.

    6. Due process.

    7.

    8. Cruel and unusual punishment.

    9.

    10.

    An attorney who defends himself
    has a fool for a client.

    Attributed to Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), 16th President of the United States.

    A physician who treats himself
    has a fool for a client.

    Paraphrase of above.

    This is the forest primeval,
    the murmuring pines and the hemlocks,

    Girded with moss, and in garments green, indistinct in the twilight,
    Stand, as Druids of old, with beards that rest on their bosoms,
    First lines of the Evangeline by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 19th century American poet. This epic poem about the tragic migration of the Cajuns (Arcadians) from French Canada (Arcadia) to southern Louisiana in the 18th century, after being driven out by English Canadians. The poem was written in dactylic hexameter, the poetic meter used in Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, and in Virgil's Aeneid. The more common meter in English-language poetry is iambic pentameter, employed by Shakespeare. This conscious imitation of classical poetic meter lends weightiness, or gravitas, to Longfellow's work.

    God gave us the French, so that Americans
    would always have the benefit of a second opinion.

    Attributed to Mark Twain, 19th century American writer and humorist. Samuel Langhorne Clemens. Mark Twain 1835-1910.

    Mark Twain's length of the Mississippi River.

    Samuel Langhorne Clemens. Mark Twain 1835-1910.

    Samuel Langhorne Clemens.
    Nom de Plume: Mark Twain. 1835-1910.

    19th century American writer and humorist.

    Call me Ishmael.

    First sentence of Herman Melville's Moby Dick.
    Ishmael was a wanderer (as was the narrator of Moby Dick). Ishmael was the son of Abraham by Abraham's Egyptian handmaiden, Hagar. When Abraham's wife, Sarah, gave birth to Isaac, at the age of 99, Ishmael was cast out of Abraham's house (Genesis 16-17).
    Traditionally, Ishmael was the ancestor of the Arab peoples, and Isaac was the ancestor of the Jews. This legendary event supposedly gave rise to the thousand years of emnity between these two peoples.

    Detroit Renaissance Center (DRC).

    When the DRC was being built, there was a contest to name the center. The idea promoted publicly by the contest was that the name should be simple, easy-to-understand, and chosen by an ordinary Detroit citizen. The result was a polysyllabic, difficult-to-pronounce French word, chosen by the late Henry Ford II, from Detroit's most prominent family, hardly an ordinary Detroiter.
    The DRC is an architectural disaster. Finding your way around this labyrinthine complex of ugly, gray cement buildings is an impossibility for all but frequent visitors. There is no "second floor", just local second floors for different sections of the edifice. Finding a lavatory in a hurry requires Ariadne's thread. Apparently this is an artefact of the Puritanical belief that nice people don't look at, talk about, or use lavatories. The lavatories are located in out-of-the-way corners, where rapes and assaults are most likely to happen. Good work, boys.

    5. CLASSICAL GREECE AND ROME.

    Res Ipsa Loquitur.

    Latin: the thing speaks for itself.
    In a lawsuit, this is a situation so obvious that it does not require a $500/hour plaintiff's expert witness to explain the situation to a jury of ordinary citizens.
    For example: a surgeon who removes the right leg, when the left leg was intended.

    I am lying.

    An example of the Paradox of Self-Reference.
    If the speaker is telling the truth, then he is lying. If the speaker is lying, then he is telling the truth.
    Other forms of this paradox:
    The set of all sets.
    The barber shaves everyone who doesn't shave himself.
    All Cretians are liars (stated by Epimenides the Cretan).
    Titus 1:12-13.
    KJV: One of themselves, even a prophet of their own, said, The Cretians are always liars, evid beasts, slow bellies. This witness is true.
    Latin: Dixit quidam ex illis proprius ipsorum propheta: Cretenses semper mendaces, malae bestiae, ventres pigri. Testimonium hoc verum est.
    St. Paul apparently did not understand that Epimenides, from whom he copied this statement, was stating a philosophical paradox, not making an assertion about his virtue.


    Eureka!

    Greek: I have found it!
    Uttered by Archimedes, Third Century B. C. E. Ancient Greek mathematician, when he discovered the physics principle of displacement in a fluid, while relaxing in the public baths. Archimedes ran through town, yelling Eureka! Eureka!
    Also, the state motto of California. Refers to the paradise found by settlers to this state in the 19th century, up to today.

    Don't disturb my circles.

    Uttered by Archimedes, Third Century B. C. E. Ancient Greek mathematician, when asked to respond to questioning by a Roman soldier. Archimedes was deep in thought, and did not wish to be disturbed. The soldier killed Archimedes, thus ending the life of the greatest mathematician on earth until, arguably, the first-century Chinese mathematician, Sun Tse, who discovered the Chinese Remainder Theorem, or the seventh-century Indian mathematician, Brahmagupta, who worked with zero.

    Seife C.
    Zero. The Biography of a Dangerous Idea.
    London: Penguin Books. 2000.
    ISBN: 0-670-88457-X, 248 pages.
    Reviewed by Moore GW in: Neurocomputing. 2001 Jan;42(1):335.

    Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris,
    Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
    littora....

    ...multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
    vi superum, saeve memorem Iunonis ob iram,
    multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
    inferretque deos Latio; genus unde Latinum
    Albanique patres atque altae moenia Romae.
    Latin: Of arms and the man I sing, who first from the coasts of Troy, came to Italy, fugitive of fate, and to Lavinian shores.... much tossed at sea and land by supernal forces, through the wrath of cruel, vindictive Juno, and also enduring much in war, until he would found the city, and carry his gods to Latium, from whence arose the Latin race, the fathers of Alba Longa, and the tall walls of Rome.
    First line of Virgil's Aeneid, the epic poem which describes the glorious (but mythical) founding and early history of Rome. Many of the particularly ethereal quotations from the sixth book, where Aeneas meets the oracle, Sybil, are used as mottos and aphorisms. Tow are included on the U. S. one dollar bill.
    Reference is herein made to the three stages of the growth of Rome, namely, Lavinium founded by Aeneas, Alba Longa founded by Ascanius, son of Aeneas, and Rome by Romulus and Remus, sons of Ascanius.
    Virgil.
    Eclogues. Georgics. Aeneid I-IV. Revised Edition.
    Fairclough HR, trnsl. The Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA:
    Harvard University Press.
    London: William Heinemann Ltd, 1960.

    Inde genus durum sumus experiensque laborum,
    Et documenta damus, qua simus origine nati.


    Latin: From thus our kind hard-hearted is, enduring pain and care,
    Approving that our bodies of a stony nature are.
    Sir Walter Raleigh's translation of Ovid's Metamorphosis. After the Greco-Roman mythological deluge (parallel to the story of Noah's Ark, Genesis 6-9), the surviving couple, Deucalion and Pyrrha, cast stones behind their backs, which turned into humans when the stones touched the wet ground. Deucalion's stones turned into men; Pyrrha's stones turned into women. The hard rock turned to bone; the moss turned to soft tissues.

    Hic situs est Phaethon, currus auriga paterni,
    Quem si non tenuit, magnis tamen excidit auris.

    Latin: Here lies Phaethon, driver of his father's chariot, which, though he did not hold onto it, nonetheless made a bold attempt.
    Phaethon was the son of Apollo, the Greco-Roman god of the sun, who stole the chariot that Apollo used to carry the sun across the sky each day. Phaethon's inexperience caused him to careen up and down, creating havoc. Apollo finally had to shoot him down, and he burnt up and died. This phrase, Phaethon's epitaph, praises the young man's bold effort, even though it was unsuccessful.

    This is another example in Ovid's Metamorphoses, where a person is given a wish (Phaethon's wish to drive his father's chariot), and he/she makes a poor choice. Other example: Midas.

    Quidquid id est, timeo Danaos et dona ferentis.

    Latin: Whatever it is, I fear the Greeks, though they be bearing gifts. (Aeneid 2:49)
    The prophetic words of Laocoon, in the second book of Vergil's Aeneid, before he was gobbled up by a sea serpent, sent by Poseidon. Laocoon warned the Trojans not to open up the city gates to the Trojan horse, in which was hidden the Greek army. This is one of many prophetic statements made in Greco-Roman mythology which was ignored, to the eventual regret of the incredulous listeners. Cassandra was the quintessential unbelieved prophet of doom.

    Meter of Virgil's Aeneid.

    This book contains the chapter about the meter of Virgil's Aeneid. The computer program successfully scanned 95% of hexameters, by recognizing the usual conventions for long and short vowels, as well as elisions, such as "-que" before a vowel. In 3-4% of sentences, more than one scansion was proposed by the computer program, and in 1-2% of sentences, the scansion was abandoned by the computer program, and it was determined that Virgil had not obeyed the rules. In about 5% of lines with an equivocal scansion, it was determined that the equivocal vowel-weight (such as a first-declension nominative (short) versus ablative (long)) had to be determined from the semantic context.

    Analyses of Homer's Odyssey and Aristotle's Nicomachean and Eudemean Ethics and Plato's Seventh Letter and Apology are also discussed in this book. An early analysis of 440 lines from Homer's Odyssey found eight false scansions, but manual analysis of these lines revealed that there were special semantic circumstances that allowed the usual scansion rules to be RELAXED.

    According to a retired professor of mathematics, a naturalized Greek-American citizen, a similar finding was found in the works of Aeschylus, regarded as the greatest of all Greek poets. Again, in lines with false scansions, there were special semantic circumstances, such as exclamations of great joy or horror, that allowed the usual scansion rules to be relaxed.

    Hockey S.
    A Guide to Computer Applications in the Humanities.
    Chapter 8. Sound Patterns. pp.168-188.
    Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Univ Press. 1980.
    ISBN 0-8018-2891-0, 248 pages.
    Cited: Ott W. Metrical Analysis of Latin Hexameter by Computer. Revue 4:7-24, 1966.
    Cited: Greenberg NA. Scansion Purement Automatique de l'Hexamère Dactylique. Revue 1967;3:1-25.

    6. EUROPE.



    I found myself in the middle of my life in a dark woods.

    Opening lines of Dante's DIVINE COMEDY. The lament of many of us in middle age, or in male or female menopause.

    Cogito, ergo sum.

    Latin: I think, therefore I am.
    Rene Descartes, French philosopher.
    French: Je pense, donc je suis.


    Het Achterhuis.

    Dutch: The rear annex.
    This is Anne Frank's Diary of a Young Girl. Written during the Nazi occupation of The Netherlands, while she and her family were hidden in the rear annex of a house in Amsterdam. The house is now a museum of international religious tolerance.
    This is the best-selling book ever written originally in the Dutch language.

    AvrupalIlas,tIrIlamIyanlardansInIz.

    Turkish: You are one of those who cannot be Europeanized.
    A demonstration that in the Turkish language, prepositions, relative pronouns, and auxiliary verbs are attached to the main word (Avrupa=Europe) by AGGLOMERATION.
    I represents the Turkish dotless-i.
    s, represents s-cedilla.
    Yes, Turkey is a part of Europe, the part west of the Hellespont, called Thrace.

    5. GERMANY.



    Donaudampfschiffahrtsgesellschaftskapitaen.

    German: Danube steam shipping line company captain.
    A demonstration that in the German language, compound nouns are run together by AGGLOMERATION. As one of my German colleagues pointed out, this agglomeration can continue indefinitely. If this captain dies and leaves behind a wife, this this wife becomes a Donaudampfschiffahrtsgesellschaftskapitaenswitwe, that is, a Danube steam shipping line company captain's widow. If this widow receives a pension, then this pension is a Donaudampfschiffahrtsgesellschaftskapitaenswitwenrente, that is, a Danube steam shipping line company captain's widow's pension, and so on indefinitely.

    No dictionary is ever complete.

    Attributed to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 19th century German writer.

    Ich habe, ach, Philosophie, Medizin,...

    German: I have, ah, Philosophy, Medicine,...
    The first line of Faust Part I, by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Faust was a perpetual student, who had studied nearly everything, but sought even more knowledge. He sold his soul to the devil upon his death, in exchange for a life of knowledge and romantic adventure. Faust is said to have descended to the underworld in Stauffen, a city in southwest Germany. There is a nice tourist area there, memorializing Faust.

    The next great war will start
    over some damn fool thing in the Balkans.

    Attributed to Otto von Bismarck, 19th century German "iron chancellor" (Eisenkanzler).
    World War I started after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, Serbia, in 1914. The Austro-Hungarian Empire delivered a list of insulting demands to the Serbian government, which the Serbians accepted, all except one, which would have destroyed their national sovereignty. The Russians backed the Serbs, and nations lined up, one-by-one, on one side or the other.

    The making of sausage and politics
    should not be seen by their consumers.

    Attributed to Otto von Bismarck, 19th century German "iron chancellor" (Eisenkanzler).


    Der Herrgott wuerfelt nicht.

    German: The Lord God does not play dice.
    Attributed to Albert Einstein, German-Swiss-American physicist and Nobel prize winner in 1919. This is the ultimate statement of deterministic physics. It is paraphrased from a letter to Max Born, another Nobelist in physics, in "The Quotable Einstein".
    In his later years, Einstein grew increasinly out-of-touch with modern developments in physics, in part because he failed to accept (probabilistic) quantum mechanics, for almost theological reasons. At the end of his career, Einstein's main contribution to physics was that of an extremely intelligent advocate for the wrong point-of-view in physics, who served to sharpen the arguments in the field of quantum mechanics.
    Clark R.
    Einstein. The Life and Times.
    New York: Alfred A Knopf.

    Ein' feste Burg ist unser Gott.

    German: A mighty fortress is our God.
    Martin Luther, 16th century religious reformer who began the Protestant Reformation. This is the first line of the flagship hymn of the Lutheran church. 
     Ein' feste   Burg   ist unser  Gott. 
  A  mighty fortress  is  our   God.
  C   C-C    G-A-B   C-B   A     G
    The major contribution of Luther to Christian theology was to liberate believers from the authoritarian grip of the (in places, corrupt) Roman Catholic hierarchy.
    At the end of his life, Luther became disenchanted with Jews, whom he figured would join Luther's anti-Catholic movement. The final pamphlets that Luther wrote were viciously anti-Semitic, and can be viewed at the Anne Frank museum in Amsterdam.

    Als Gregor Samsa eines Morgens
    aus unruhigen Traeumen erwachte,
    fand er sich in einem ungeheuren Ungeziefer verwandet.

    German: When Gregor Samsa awakened one morning out of unquiet dreams, he found himself transformed into an enormous vermin.
    First line of Franz Kafka's Die Verwandlung (The Metamorphosis). This classic short-story has a theme of alienation at numerous levels. The story's alienation is that of Gregor Samsa being cast out of his family, as an object of repulsion. Kafka was a Czech Jew, originally growing up in a rural area, whose family came to Christian Prague, in the early 20th century, in the shadow of Adolf Hitler. Kafka was pressured by his father to pursue a career in law, but instead became an existential writer, entirely in the German language. Kafka had a failed courtship, and died in his early thirties from tuberculosis. Many of his literary works (Das Schloss=The Castle, Das Urteil=The Judgment) reflect his pervasive despair.
    There has been a spirited scholarly discussion on the biological species of the enormous vermin, variously a cockroach, a dung beetle, etc.

    Kafka F.
    Die Verwandlung. [The Metamorphosis.]

    ISBN , pages.

    Opening Line: Als Gregor Samsa eines Morgens aus unruhigen Traeumen erwachte, fand er sich in einem ungeheuren Ungeziefer verwandelt.
    German: When Gregor Samsa awakened one morning from restless dreams, he found himself transformed into a giant vermin.
    Gregor Samsa, the protagonist, is transformed/metamorphosed into a giant bug of undetermined

    A worthy existential successor to Ovid's classic of a similar name. The similar name is misleading: scholars tell us that Verwandlung also refers to the change-of-scenes in a theater production. In any event, none of Ovid's characters changed from a human into a repulsive bug.

    Believe it or not, there has been a lively scholarly inquiry into the species of this bug. Cockroach and dung-beetle (Mistkaefer) are two candidates, but these species do not fit Kafka's rather detailed description of the bug's morphology.

    The story's alienation is that of Gregor Samsa being cast out of his family, as an object of repulsion. Kafka was a Czech Jew, originally growing up in a rural area, whose family came to Christian Prague, in the early 20th century, in the shadow of Adolf Hitler. Kafka was pressured by his father to pursue a career in law, but instead became an existential writer, entirely in the German language. Kafka had a failed courtship, and died in his early thirties from tuberculosis. His home, where he wrote many of his greatest works, is a shrine maintained in the old city, and part of the

    Arbeit Macht Frei.

    German: Work makes you free. Inscription on the entrance gate to Auschwitz, described in Elie Wiesel's NIGHT, p. xxx. A repulsive lie, offering hope to the hopeless.

    Wiesel E.
    Night.
    Trnsl. by Rodway S. New York: Bantam Books. 1960;:.
    ISBN 0-553-27253-5, 109 pages.

    Martin Niemoller, Lutheran minister in Hitler Germany.

    Quote from Martin Niemoller, Lutheran minister in Germany during the Hitler era:
    In Germany they first came for the Communists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics, and I didn't speak up because I was a Protestant. Then they came for me--and by that time no one was left to speak up.

    Cliffs Notes on Elie Wiesel's Night.
    Riess M.
    New York: Wiley Publishing Inc. 2000;:.
    ISBN 0-8220-0893-9, 71 pages.
    Page 67.

    6. GREAT BRITAIN.



    Too little, too late.

    Attributed to Winston Churchill, 20th century British Prime Minister.
    An early description of the slow, measured response of the United States to British participation in World War II, which began in Britain in September, 1939, and didn't start in the USA until December, 1945, after the surprise bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

    There are lies, damn lies, and statistics.

    Attributed to Benjamin Disraeli, 19th century British Prime Minister.
    Conservative Prime Minister of Britain during the Victorian era. The British invented statistics, and remain world masters in this area of mathematics.

    Better wrong with the sun
    than right with the Pope.

    An English saying describing why the Gregorian calendar, commissioned by Pope Gregory the Great in the late 16th century, was abhorred by anti-Catholic England, until the mid-18th century, by which time the old Julian calendar had slipped eleven days ahead of the actual, solar calendar. When the calendar change took place in England, there were riots in London because renters were charged a full month's rent for a month that had lost eleven days. Even today, the religious calendar of the Orthodox Greek faith employs the Julian calendar.

    During this period in Britain, 1558 through 1829, any practice of the Roman Catholic religion, public or private, was a capital crime, i.e., punishable by death.
    http://www.cin.org/twelvday.html
    The popular Christmas song, the Twelve Days of Christmas, was actually a hidden mnemonic for various Catholic doctrines (two turtle-doves=two Testaments; four calling birds=four Gospels, etc.).

    In the old Julian calendar, promulgated during the era of Julius Caesar, every fourth year is a leap year, with an extra day inserted as February 29. In the Gregorian calendar, every year divisible without remainder by 400 is NOT a leap year. The solar calendar still gets a few fraction-of-seconds out-of-alignment each year, but this is only noticed and correct by astrophysics laboratories.

    Amicus Plato, sed magis amica veritas.

    Latin: Plato is my friend, but truth is more my friend.
    Attributed to Aristotle (in Greek), which expresses his respect for his teacher, Plato, but his greater honor to truth. It sounds a lot like: I'd rather be right than President, attributed to ..., who was neither.

    Si quaeris amoenam paeninsulam, circumspice.

    Latin: If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look around you.
    State motto of Michigan. Michigan consists of two beautiful peninsulas.

    In the beginning was the word,
    and the ward was with God,
    and the ward was God.

    First line of the Christian Gospel according to St. John. Establishes the importance of God's word (the scriptures), and how Jesus came into the world to make this word into flesh (incarnation),

    Respondeat cybernator.

    Latin: The pilot must answer.
    Legal principle that the person in charge is responsible for the errors of his employees. In legal medicine, this traditionally meant that the surgeon was responsible for errors made by nurses and consultants, such as pathologists. As lawyers have sought to target nurses' and consultants' salaries, this thin veil of immunity has disappeared in modern times.

    Philosophia Bioai Kybernator.

    Greek: Philosophy, the pilot of life.
    Motto of the Phi Beta Kappa undergraduate honors fraternity.

    Methuselah lived for 969 years.

    Genesis. Some scholars think that Methuselah actually lived for 969 years; others believe that this number is symbolic of a numerology of respect for ancient patriarchs, which is studied in the mediaeval Jewish Kabbala.

    Zero.

    Arguably the most important number in all of mathematics. Discovered by the ancient Babylonians, and carried to Greece and India through the conquests of Alexander the Great in the third century B. C. E. Ancient Greek mathematicians abhorred zero, but the concept fell on fertile soil in India, in the seventh century C. E., in the hands of mathematician Brahmagupta, and others.

    Seife C.
    Zero. The Biography of a Dangerous Idea.
    London: Penguin Books. 2000.
    ISBN: 0-670-88457-X, 248 pages.
    Reviewed by Moore GW in: Neurocomputing. 2001 Jan;42(1):335.

    Small Integers:
    The U. S. Federal Reserve.

    In the olden days (the 1950s), when computer memory was very expensive,

    Hippasus of Metapontum.

    Sixth Century BCE Greek, member of the society of Pythagoras, executed for betraying the then-secret fact that some numbers, such as square-root-of-two and pi, were irrational, i.e., not the quotient of two integers.

    Seife C.
    Zero. The Biography of a Dangerous Idea.
    London: Penguin Books. 2000;;1.
    ISBN: 0-670-88457-X, 248 pages.
    Reviewed by Moore GW in: Neurocomputing. 2001 Jan;42(1):335.

    Zerodivide.

    "Zero hit the USS Yorktown like a torpedo.

    "On September 21, 1997, while cruising off the coast of Virginia, the billion-dollar missile cruiser shuddered to a halt. Yorktown was dead in the water....

    "When the Yorktown's computer system tried to divide by zero, 80,000 horsepower instantly became worthless...."

    Quoted from:

    Seife C.
    Zero. The Biography of a Dangerous Idea.
    London: Penguin Books. 2000;;1.
    ISBN: 0-670-88457-X, 248 pages.
    Reviewed by Moore GW in: Neurocomputing. 2001 Jan;42(1):335.

    Mechanical Calculators.
    Zerodivide.

    Those of us over fifty years old remember the old mechanical calculators, such brands as FRIDEN and MONROE, whose cogs and gears would grind away every time they performed difficult calculations. When you tried to divide a number by zero, or divide a large number by a very small number, the calculator would sit there and grind forever, until you cut off the power.

    Seife C.
    Zero. The Biography of a Dangerous Idea.
    London: Penguin Books. 2000.
    ISBN: 0-670-88457-X, 248 pages.
    Reviewed by Moore GW in: Neurocomputing. 2001 Jan;42(1):335.

    Calculus.

    Latin: stone.
    In mathematics, any method of computation. The meaning of the word is based upon the use of stones for computations, particularly on the abacus. A specialized calculus, known as differential and integral calculus, invented by Newton and Leibniz in the seventeenth century, is used to approximate the slopes of curves and the areas underneath curves.
    In medicine, a stone in a body organ, such as a gallstone, a kidney stone, or a urinary bladder stone.

    Least Squares.

    A method of estimation in statistics, introduced by Gauss, but which Gauss always attributed to a mathematical colleague.

    Statistics.



    Probability.



    Pascal's Wager.

    17th century Swiss philosopher and mathematician Blaise Pascal's bet that he should worship God, based upon probabilistic reasoning. If the chance that God exists were fifty-fifty; and the rewards for serving Him are infinite (eternal life, etc.); but the penalty for serving a non-existent God are only the slight expense and bother of attending services each week. Then the cost of serving non-God is far less than the penalty for ignoring God.

    You can't win,
    you can't break even,
    and you can't start over.

    The Three Laws of Thermodynamics, paraphrased in ordinary language.
    1. You can't win. First Law of Thermodynamics: Conservation of Energy.

    2. You can't break even. Second Law of Thermodynamics: Entropy strives toward a maximum.

    3. You can't start over. Third Law of Thermodynamics: There is no return to absolute zero.


    Pyrrhic victory.

    An empty military victory. Pyrrhus was a Roman general who won a great battle, but only at a great loss of life to his army. Some anti-war activists believe that every war yields only Pyrrhic victories.

    Ab urbe condita.

    Latin: From the founding of the city, 753 B.C.E.
    Paraphrased: from the founding of Rome. In classical Roman texts, Rome is often referred to simply as THE CITY. Many arrogant New York Citians refer to their city in the same manner.

    E pluribus unum.

    Latin: Out of many, one.
    Motto of the United States of America. Severely tested in the U. S. Civil War.

    Vivat regina.

    Latin: Long live the Queen.
    Used in formal British music played during the Queen's coronation, and other national celebrations.

    Peccavimus.

    Latin: We have sinned.
    The single-word telegram from a victorious British general in India in the 1870s, back to headquarters in London. The general had just conquered Sindh, a northwest Indian province. The pun is:
    We have Sindh.


    Veni, Vidi, Vici.

    Latin: I came, I saw, I conquered.
    The three-word communication from a victorious Julius Caesar.

    Gallia omnis in tres partes est divisa.

    Latin: All Gaul (France) is divided into three parts.
    First Line of Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars.

    Sic semper tyrannis.

    Latin: Thus always to tyrants.
    Words spoken by John Wilkes Booth, as he assassinated Abraham Lincoln. Booth viewed Lincoln as a tyrant, who had conquered Virginia, his native state.

    Mao Zedong 10,000 years live.

    Literal translation of the Chinese phrase that means: Long Live Mao Zedong. Chinese documents written during Mao's era, even scientific and medical journals, have this phrase prominently displayed.

    Ars gratia artis.

    Latin: Art for the sake of art.


    E.R.II.R.D.G.D.F.
    Elizabetha Regina Secunda,
    Dei Gratia, Defensor Fidei.

    Latin: Elizabeth II, Queen, by the Grace of God, Defender of the Faith.


    Komitet Garsudostvennoi Bezopasnosti (KGB).

    Russian: Comittee for State Security.
    The much-feared and hated Soviet secret police.

    Soyuz Sovyetskaya Sotsialistika Republik.

    Russian: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).


    Stasi: Staatsicherheit.

    German: State Security.
    The notorious state police of the cold war era German Democratic Republic (East Germany).

    Gestapo: Geheimstaatspolizei.

    German: State Secret Police
    The dreaded secret police during the Hitler era (1933-1945) in Germany, who would knock on one's door in the middle of the night, and send citizens to the death camps without trial.

    Wiesel E.
    Night.
    Trnsl. by Rodway S.
    New York: Bantam Books. 1960;:.


    Apparatschik.

    Party functionary. An insulting term applied to members of the Communist party apparatus, who had no real function in society other than to rationalize the incomprehensible behavior of the party to supposedly meaningful explanations.

    Zampolit.

    Russian: Political officer.
    Every American or West European who visited the cold war Soviet Union or its satellites will remember that every time a Soviet worker came in contact with a westerner, that worker was accompanied by another person, or witness, who seemed to do nothing. The purpose of that person was to make certain that only politically correct ideas were being thought or stated. For example, I was on a tour bus in East Berlin in 1963, two years after the Berlin Wall was erected. An American passenger asked the East German guide why the Berlin Wall was built. She glanced over at her Zampolit, and stated: to keep the West German fascists from overrunning the East German socialist paradise. The Americans laughed.

    The concept of Zampolit was popularized in Tom Clancy's book, Hunt for Red October, and in the movie starring Sean Connery as the Lithuanian admiral, and ... as the zampolit.

    Clancy T.
    Hunt for Red October.


    Semper fidelis.

    Latin: Always faithful.
    The motto of the U. S. Marines, sometimes shortened to Semper Fi.

    GmbH: Gesellschaft mit beschraenkter Haftung.

    German: Corporation with limited liability.
    Rougly equivalent to Inc. for corporations in Germany.

    VEB: Volks Eigener Betrieb.

    German: Peoples' own business.
    The communist myth that, somehow, the people owned all the businesses in East Germany.

    Dr. rer. Nat.: Doctor rerum Naturae.

    Latin: Doctor of the Nature of Things.
    A natural science doctorate, popular in Europe, roughly equivalent to a PhD.

    Tuebor.

    Latin: I shall guard.
    On the Michigan state seal.

    Vita tuta, via trita.

    Latin: The guarded or safe life is the well-worn life.
    On the floor of the Medical Research Building of Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit. In the decade that I worked there, I always puzzled over this aphorism, because it seems to say that if you want to live well and safely, you should take the well-worn pathway. This seemed to be a contradiction of the goals of research. But turn it around: if you want to live a life of intellectual adventure, then you must take some risks.

    Mea culpa.

    Latin: My fault. In modern slang: My bad.


    Manus manum lavat.

    Latin: The hand washes the hand. Or: One hand washes the other.


    Lupus lupum cognoscit, fur furem.

    Latin: A wolf knows a wolf, and a thief knows a thief.


    Vestis virum facit.

    Latin: Clothes make the man.
    Doctrine of the garment industry.

    Equal goes it loose.

    Attributed to Heinrich Luebke, Minister-President of West Germany in the 1960s, who was famous for his public gaffes. This statement was made to Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II, as the lights began to dim before a ballet performance in London. It was a literal translation of the German: Gleich geht es los. The idiomatic translation is more like: It's just about to start. Refer to U. S. President John F. Kennedy's Ich Bin Ein Berliner speech.

    Was ist los?

    German: What's happening (literally: What is loose?)
    A more idiomatic American translation: What's shakin', baby?

    Et ego dico tibi quia Tu es Petrus,
    et super hanc petram, aedificabo meam ecclesiam.

    Et portae inferi non praevalebunt adversum eam.
    Et tibi dabo claves regni caelorum.
    Et quodcumque ligaveris super terram, erit ligatum in caelis.
    Et quodcumque solveris super terram, eris solutum in caelis.

    KJV: And I say also unto thee, that thou art Peter,
    and upon this rock I will build my church;
    and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.
    And I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven:
    and whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in heaven;
    and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.
    (Matt 16:18-19).
    St Peter was the first Pope. This passage in the Gospel According to St Matthew is the justification given by the Roman Catholic Church for the Papacy.
    That is, the Pope is the Vicar of Christ. Whatever the Pope says on earth, shall be bound in heaven, etc. This statement is also a justification for the infallibility of the Pope in ex cathedra pronouncements, i.e., statements made upon the seat of St Peter.
    These words, in Latin and Greek, are written in two-meter high black letters against a gold background on the western wall of St Peter's Basilica, the home church of the Roman Catholic faith.

    Die Energie der Welt is konstant.
    Die Entropie der Welt strebt einem Maximum zu.

    German: The energy of the universe is constant.
    The entropy [heat] of the universe approaches a maximum.
    Famous statement of the first two Laws of Thermodynamics, stated by Clausius, 19th century German physicist. The statement about entropy underlies the physical-philosophical pessimism about the so-called heat-death of the universe. However, if it happens, it won't be any time soon.

    Nicht Karzinom, aber besser heraus.

    German: Not carcinoma, but better removed.


    The most common cause of primary epistaxis
    is the right index finger.

    The second-most common cause of primary epistaxis is the left index finger.
    Epistaxis is the technical term for nosebleed. Primary epistaxis is epistaxis without a prior known pathologic process. Causes of secondary epistaxis include....

    Speak softly, but carry a big stick.

    U. S. Pres. Theodore Roosevelt.

    I know that everyone must die someday,
    but I had hoped that God would make an exception in my case.

    The late writer William Saroyan.

    Facilis descensus Averno...sed revocare gradum,
    superasque evadere ad auris, hoc opus, hic labor est.

    Latin: Easy is the descent to hell... but to recall one's steps, and to walk back into the airs, this is the work, this is the labor.
    From Virgil's Aeneid, Book VI.

    Annuit coeptis.

    Latin: He nods (kindly) upon our beginnings.
    From Virgil's Aeneid, Book VI.
    Printed on the back of the U. S. One Dollar Bill.

    Novus ordo seclorum.

    Latin: New Order of the Ages.
    From Virgil's Aeneid, Book VI.
    Printed on the back of the U. S. One Dollar Bill.
    Echoes the statement by U. S. Pres. George Bush (father), to describe the world at the end of the Cold War: New world order.

    In saecula saeculorum.

    Latin: In ages of ages. Or: Forever and ever.
    Last line of the Protestant Lord's Prayer.

    Liver.



    Heart.



    Lungs.



    Kidneys.



    Bladder.



    Pancreas.

    Greek: All flesh.


    Brain.



    Skin.



    A thousand ages in Thy sight are like an evening gone.



    Magna Carta.

    Latin: Great Charter.
    Signed on June 15, 1215, in Runnymede meadow by King John of England.

    Gung ho.

    Chinese: All good.
    The Chinese ideogram for GOOD puts together the ideogram for WOMAN and the ideogram for CHILD, a mother holding her baby.

    Ming.

    Chinese: Bright.
    The Chinese ideogram for BRIGHT puts together the ideogram for SUN and the ideogram for MOON.
    The MING DYNASTY (15th-18th centuries) was, in some minds, the bright or golden age of Chinese history.

    Chinese zodiac. Rat,....

    An old Chinese insult: You are one of those with no animal on the zodiac.

    Hebrew alphabet: Aleph, beth, gimel, daleth, he, waw, zayin, het, tet, yodh, koph, lamedh, mem, nun, samekh, ayin, pe, sadhe, qoph, resh, shin, tav.

    There is no standard spelling in English for the Hebrew alphabet. I have used the spelling in Psalm 119 of the Anglican/Episcopal Book of Common Prayer.

    Greek alphabet: alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon,



    Five pillars of Islam.

    1. There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is his last and greatest prophet.
    2. Daily prayer.
    3. Alms for the poor.
    4. Ramadan, the month of fasting.
    5. Haj, the pilgrimage to Mecca, to be made at least once in a lifetime.

    Positive Powers of Ten:


    Tera=1,000,000,000,000.
    Giga=1,000,000,000.
    Mega=1,000,000.
    Myria=10,000.
    Kilo=1000.
    Hecto=100.
    Deka=10.

    Negative Powers of Ten:


    Atto=1/1,000,000,000,000,000,000.
    Femto=1/1,000,000,000,000,000.
    Pico=1/1,000,000,000,000.
    Nano=1/1,000,000,000.
    Micro=1/1,000,000.
    Milli=1/1000.
    Centi=1/100.
    Deci=1/10.

    In hoc signo vinces.

    Latin: In this sign, you shall conquer.
    The words that Emperor Constantine heard in the sky in 323 AD, along with an image of a cross, indicating that he would win an important military battle if he fought in the name of Christianity. Constantine won, and made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire. Two years later, the Council of Nicaea convened and set up the first Christian bureaucracy, complete with documents, mission statements, and a building program.

    Excelsior.

    Latin: Higher! Upward! Onward!
    The motto of the State of New York.

    Ad astra per aspera.

    Latin: From hard times, to the stars.


    Placebo.

    Latin: I shall please.
    In medicine, a placebo is an inert medication, such as a sugar pill, which has no scientific effect, but which the patient believes to be effective.

    Comedo. Zit.



    Shalom.

    Hebrew: Peace. Also: Hello. Goodbye.
    Shin-Lamedh-Waw-Mem.

    Ex libris.

    Latin: From the books of. From the library of.

    Pascal's Wager.

    Regarding the existence of God. This is the first use of the cost/benefit ratio

    Tratado de Tordesillas. 1504.

    The treaty of Tordesillas. Signed by Pope ... in 1504. A line divides South America into WEST, belonging to Portugal, and EAST, belonging to Spain. As a result, Brazil speaks Portuguese, and the other countries of South America speak Spanish.

    O Brave New World,
    that hath such people in it.

    Miranda. Tempest. Shakespeare's last play.

    All that glisters is not gold.

    Often have ye this been told.
    Many a man his life hath sold, but mine outside to behold.

    Dost thou think because thou art virtuous,

    there shall be no more cakes and ale?

    The quality of mercy is not strained,

    It falleth as the gentle rain upon the place beneath.

    Sweet are the uses of adversity,

    which, like the toad, ugly and venomous,
    bears yet a precious jewel in its head.
    And this our life, exempt from public haunt,
    Finds sermons in stone, books in running brooks,
    and good in everything.     Shakespeare. Twelfth Night.


    Quo vadis?

    Latin: Where are you going? (John 13:36).


    Success is counted sweetest

    by those who ne'er succeed
    To comprehend a nectar requires the sorest need....
    Emily Dickinson, 19th century poet.

    Rolls Royce of Lectures.


    Well oiled. Barely audible.
    And seems to run on forever.

    Pathologists name diseases after food.

    Sugar-cake spleen.
    Strawberry gallbladder.
    Berry aneurysm.
    Caseous necrosis.
    What do you think that a pathologist is thinking about when he/she is performing an autopsy?

    Absalom, Absalom, O my son Absalom,
    Would that I might have died for thee.


    David's lament, after the death of this son, which David effectively brought about himself.

    Capital Cities for Continents.


    North America: New York.
    Europe: Frankfurt.
    Africa: Johannesburg.
    Asia: Tokyo.
    Australia: Canberra.
    South America: Miami!

    Radio Yerevan.

    Yerevan is the capital of the former Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. Radio Yerevan is a sort of advice columnist, like Ann Landers or Dear Abby, of socialist political reality. In the same style as A Bintel Brief. Radio Yerevan jokes were extremely popular in West Germany (and East Germany) in the 1960s and 1960s, and were meant to apply to the shabby living conditions in East Germany. Actually, the East Germans were the most affluent of all the Soviet satellites, but they were also the most miserable, because they could see how well their cousins across the Iron Curtain were living.

    A Radio Yerevan joke has a stereotypic format. One asks a question about the difference between communism and capitalism. The answer always begins with: In principle, yes. Then, the details of the response completely deconstruct the sense of the affirmative answer.

    Sample Radio Yerevan joke: Is there a difference between capitalism and communism?
    Radio Yerevan responds: In principle, yes. In capitalism, man exploits man. In communism, it's the reverse.

    Sample Radio Yerevan joke: Is it true that there is freedom of speech in the Soviet Union the same as there is the USA?
    Radio Yerevan responds: In principle, yes. In the USA, you can stand in front of the Washington Monument in Washington, DC, and yell, Down With Reagan!, and you will not be punished. In the Soviet Union, you can stand in Red Square in Moscow and yell, Down With Reagan!, and you will not be punished.

    Sample Radio Yerevan joke: Is it true that Communist General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev won 100,000 rubles [in those days, about $130,000] at the gaming tables in Yalta [a fashionable resort in southern Ukraine for high-level communist bosses]?
    Radio Yerevan responds: In principle, yes. But it wasn't Leonid Brezhnev, but rather Ivan Brezhnev, and unemployed school teacher. It wasn't in Yalta, but rather in Gorky [a shabby suburb of Moscow]. It wasn't 100,000 rubles, but rather 10 rubles. And Comrade Brezhnev didn't win 10 rubles, he lost them.

    Sample Radio Yerevan joke: Is there a difference between a communist diplomat and a communist economist?
    Radio Yerevan responds: In principle, yes, but the difference is small. A communist diplomat is trained to conceal his thoughts, whereas a communist economist is trained to conceal his absence of thought.

    Schiff M.
    Radio Eriwan Antwortet. [German: Radio Yerevan Responds.] Mit Illustrationen von Steiger I.
    Frankfurt a. M., Germany: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag. 1969;:.
    ISBN 3-436-01535-0, 122 pages.
    Mr Schiff and Mr Steiger were both raised in Czechoslovakia, where they had first-hand exposure to everyday communist life.

    Metzker I.
    A Bintel Brief. Sixty years of Letters from the Lower East Side to the Jewish Daily Forward.
    Fwd and Notes by Golden H. New York: Ballantine Books. 1971;:.
    ISBN 345-02903-8-125, 216 pages.


    Fermat's Last Theorem.



    Gaming.

    The term preferred by the gambling industry to describe their enterprise. The term emphasizes the entertainment aspects of gambling, and does not have the taste of exploitation and immorality that gambling connotes. It has been repeatedly shown in state-sponsored gambling, such as the Maryland State Lottery, that

    Goedel's Proof.



    Generalized Continuum Hypothesis.



    Axiom of Choice.



    Zorn's Lemma.



    Least Squares.



    Gauss.



    Archimedes.



    Newton.



    Leibniz.



    George Bernard Shaw: ghoti.



    George Bernard Shaw: Will you sleep with me for one million pounds?



    Pres. John F. Kennedy speaks German:
    Ich bin ein Berliner.

    German (literally): I am a Berliner.
    German (slang): I am a jelly-doughnut.
    Stated to the citizens of Berlin in U. S. President John F. Kennedy's famous speech on ...., 1961, in West Berlin. Leading up to this historic statement, Kennedy also said:
    I am an American.
    Civis Romanus sum. Latin: I am a Roman citizen.
    Whatever non-German speechwriter put these words, into Kennedy's mouth in this famous 1961 speech, apparently did not vet this speech first with a real German. BERLINER is also the idiomatic word for jelly doughnut. A German goes into a bakery, and orders Berliners, Linzers, Salzburgers, etc.
    No matter. The Berliners loved it, and rewarded Kennedy with tumultuous applause. Germans are, in general, very generous (grosszuegig) with foreigners who attempt but slightly abuse their language, especially important foreigners, like Kennedy.

    Arbeiter der Welt, vereinigt Euch!

    German: Workers of the world, unite! Final sentence of Karl Marx's COMMUNIST MANIFESTO.

    Occam's Razor.

    Entia praeter necessitatem non sunt multiplicanda.
    Latin: Entities should not be multiplied beyond necessity.
    That is, the simplest explanation is best. Stated by William of Ockham, a 13th century English cleric and philosopher (Occam is his Latin name).

    Veto.

    Latin: I forbid. A single vote that can overpower a majority vote.

    Nolo contendere.

    Latin: I do not fight it. An implicit admission of guilt, while not explicitly stating that one is guilty. This is the plea that the late Vice President Spiro T. Agnew offered when he was accused of corruption as a Baltimore County Executive.

    Seife C.
    Zero. The Biography of a Dangerous Idea.
    London: Penguin Books. 2000.
    ISBN: 0-670-88457-X, 248 pages.
    Reviewed by Moore GW in: Neurocomputing. 2001 Jan;42(1):335.

    Habeas corpus.

    Latin: You must have the body. A requirement in legal proceedings that you must have sufficient evidence (body) to hold a prisoner, a Sixth Amendment right guaranteed to all U. S. citizens. Abraham Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus in Maryland during the U. S. Civil War, because Maryland was a slave state, and there were too many Southern sympathizers there. Lincoln is still reviled by some old Marylanders for this action.

    De gustibus non est disputandum.

    Latin: There is no disputing about tastes.

    Chacon a son gout.

    French: Each to his own taste.
    From Johann Strauss's opera, Die Fledermaus (The Bat). Essentially the same idea as in the previous quote from Juvenal.

    Dulce et decorum est, mori pro patria.

    Latin: It is sweet and fitting to die for one's country. (Horace, classical Roman poet).
    I do not share this particular sentiment with Horace. Horace was a classical Roman poet, living a life of relative ease, while Roman soldiers and slaves were out there giving their lives for the greater glory of Rome. It is one thing to die for your country if necessary; but there is nothing sweet about it.

    Nos morituri, te salutamus.

    Latin: We who are about to die salute you.
    This is the ironic salute given to the Roman Emperor before gladiators (swordsmen) fight to the death in the arena. It is difficult to believe that enslaved persons who were forced to be gladiators before the Emperor felt like saluting him prior to their likely deaths. This quote is heard in the Oscar-winning movie, SPARTACUS, starring Kirk Douglas, Tony Curtis, and Jean Simmons.

    Zero-sum game.



    Why are the Jews successful
    at medicine, law, and teaching?

    "Illiteracy is not a big problem with our people."

    The Reader. Bernard....

    Blech B.
    The Complete Idiot's Guide to Jewish History and Culture.
    New York: Alpha Books. A Division of Macmillan General Reference. A Simon & Schuster Macmillan Company. 1999;:.
    ISBN 0-02862711-3, 406 pages.

    Why are the Jews successful at business?

    Leviticus 19:13.
    Foundations. Plato's Ideals. Hilbert's Formalism. Brouwer's Intuitionism. Quasi-emperical mathematics. "Gödel was the last, great Platonist."

    Schneier B.
    Applied Cryptography, Second Edition. Protocols, Algorithms, and Source Code in C.
    New York: John Wiley & Sons. 1996;:249-250.
    ISBN 0-471-12845-7, 758 pages.

    Why is Kosher food nearly bloodless?

    Leviticus 17.

    Do the Jews drink the blood of Christians?

    A reprehensible but common belief among ignorant Christians during the middle ages, promoted by Christian leadership during periods of officially condoned Anti-Semitism. All the more unbelievable if one considers the preparation of Kosher food (q.v.).
    Amazingly, this belief continues today.
    See: Baltimore Sun, issue on the 60th anniversary of Israel, 1998. Leviticus ch 17.

    Do you need a Hebrew font?



    Pres. Jimmy Carter speaks Polish.



    Pres. Dwight D. Eisenhower's Two Big Mistakes.

    When asked, at the end of his term, whether he had made any mistakes, Eisenhower said, Yes, Two. And both of them are sitting on the Supreme Court. Eisenhower was referring to Justices Warren O. Douglas and William S. Brennan, who were much more liberal on the court than their previous judicial experience had suggested to Eisenhower.

    The devil's abortion rate is 75%.

    About 75% of conceptuses do not reach term, without human intervention.
    These include 33% of implantation sites which shed within the first six weeks after the last menstrual period, and thus are not noticed as miscarriages, but are interpreted as irregular menses. This fact has been determined from microscopic studies of menses in sexually active women in childbearing years.
    Approximately 17% of miscarriages occur within the first trimester of pregnancy after six weeks, when the fetus can be observed macroscopically.
    Approximately 25% of miscarriages occur in the second and third trimesters.

    Einstein's most important function in his later years

    was to provoke high-level intellectual debate about quantum mechanics. Einstein was a determinist. Einstein was wrong, but the level of his argumentation sharpened the arguments of the quantum mechanics school.

    Mortui vivos docent.

    Latin: The dead teach the living. The purpose of autopsies is to make human life and medicine more understandable.

    Nicht Karzinom, aber besser heraus.

    German: Not carcinoma, but better removed.

    Winston Churchill/Sir Alexander Fleming.

    A charming story that I was told by a colleague, who could not tell me the source. This is one of those stories which, if it is not true, then it should be.
    Sir Alexander as a young, bright Scottish adolescent, and a good swimmer, could not afford a medical education. He was staying near a lake where Winston Churchill was swimming. Churchill was drowning, and yelled for help. Alexander saved him. The Churchill family, who were well-to-do, sponsored Alexander's medical education, out of gratitude.
    Many years later, during World War II, after Sir Alexander had discovered penicillin and when CHurchill was Prime Minister of Great Britain, Churchill became ill again, with pneumonia. Sir Alexander saved his life again, this time with penicillin.
    If anybody knows a citation for this story, please send it to me at:
    gwmoore@erols.com


    Story of Penicilin.

    Discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928. Despite his tireless promotion, the large drug companies did not undertake the necessary research and development for commercialization until World War II, in the early 1940s.

    Winston Churchill, Nobelist in Literature.



    Rule Britannia.
    God must be an Englishman.

    I grew up in Detroit in the 1950s, which was virtually a border town of the British Empire. Canada was our southern neighbor. (Yes, the Detroit river flows westward on Detroit's southern border!) Parades were held annually down Detroit's main street, Woodward Avenue, on Queen VIctoria's birthday, late in May. The Essex and Kent Scottish, dressed in Scottish kilts, began marching in Windsor, Ontario, Canada, and ended up a few miles North, in Detroit's Anglican Cathedral Church of St. Paul. I heard a lot of talk in those days about the inherent greatness of the British.

    Trojan Horse - in a computer system.

    You know the story of the Trojan Horse. In a computer system, this is a secret location in a computer's memory which stores information put there by an uninvited and unwelcome outsider, or HACKER, which aids the outsider in re-entering the computer again.

    Burn patient: I was the gorilla.

    I have always been a big person (6'4", 280 pounds; 193 cm, 127 kg). When I was a fourth year medical student at a charity hospital in Detroit, we had a burn patient who had severe burns, after being caught in a fire in a dilapidated hotel (so-called flophouse, where poor people lived). Burn patients typically get hypoxic (oxygen hunger), due to smoke inhalation, and become combative. Since I was a big boy, I was called to help restrain the patient, so that he could be treated. His subsequent life was short and tragic. The first problem with burn patients is fluid management, since much of their skin is injured. A good acute care hospital manages this problem very well. The second problem is bacterial infection, since the open wounds become infected. This was managed with antibiotics. But then, after several weeks, the patient developed a deep fungal infection, for which there are no good antibiotics, and the available antibiotics are kidney-toxic. The patient expired.

    Artificial Intelligence versus Neurocomputing.



    Perl.



    Soundex.



    MUMPS.

    Persistent objects. Successor function. Implicit sorting.

    The history of VA File Manager.



    PACS. Picture Archiving Computer System.



    DICOM Standard.



    UMLS Category Zero.



    Wein nach Bier, das rat' ich Dir
    Bier nach Wein, lass' es sein.



    Twinkle, twinkle little star (TTLS)
    is not copyrighted.


    Mozart wrote ... on TTLS in the 18th century, when they did not have copyrights. Anyhow, the copyright would have run out by now.

    Mickey Mouse is copyrighted.

    The influential lobbyists at Walt Disney Productions have made sure of this, and the Supreme Court has backed them up. Mickey Mouse stays copyrighted until 100 years after Walt Disney's death.

    Copyright ©. Fair use.

    11. ASIA.



    12. JAPAN.



    Japanese Script.

    Extremely complicated, consisting of three Chinese-style alphabets, and during the past century, effectively incorporating the Roman alphabet as well.

    Prof. Reischauer, who spent his life studying Japanese culture, states that the Japanese language would have been better served if it had been geographically close to and had borrowed from the Romans, since Latin is a polysyllabic, highly-inflected language like Japanese. It's too late now!

    Reischauer EO.
    The Japanese.
    Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 1977;:.
    ISBN 0-674-4718-4, 443, pages.

    Japanese Syllabary.

    To the tune of twinkle, twinkle little star.
    a i u e o-hayo
    ka ki ku ke ko-nichiwa....


    Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
    Japan vs. Korea.

    A man of humble origins, son of a fisherman, who united Japan in the late 16th century under a military dictatorship, and led a successful invasion of the Korean peninsula, which ended with Hideyoshi's death. Hideyoshi's son was unable to sustain his father's leadership, and Korea was abandoned by the Japanese invaders.

    A popular name for Japanese boys, but a name reviled in Korea.

    Reischauer EO.
    The Japanese.
    Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 1977;:.
    ISBN 0-674-4718-4, 443, pages.

    Lee K-B.
    A New History of Korea.
    Trnsl: Wagner EW, Shultz EJ.
    Cambridge, MA: Harvard-Yenching Institute for Harvard University Press. 1984;209-215:.
    ISBN 0-674-61575-X, 474 pages.

    Kamikaze.

    Japanese: Divine Wind. Name given to the wind storm which destroyed the Mongolian Navy in 1210 A.D., and thus prevented a land invasion of Japan. Japan was untouched by foreign invaders until 1945, the end of World War II, when they were occupied by Allied Forces.

    This name was given to suicide aircraft, piloted by Japanese Samurai warriors under the Bushido code of honor, in which Japanese men were expected to die in defense of their country. Kamikaze aircraft were flown into U. S. aircraft carriers during World War II, but were relatively ineffective in destroying U. S. hardware.

    Ichi shite, ya shite, hikkakite,

    Mata shite, ru shite, hiyomi no tori.
    Japanese: One and .... calendar bird.
    The components of the Japanese Kanji (Chinese) ideogram for PHYSICIAN. This is a nursery rhyme learned by Japanese school children, who are learning how to write this ideogram.

    Japanese politeness. Possibly.

    It is almost impolite for a Japanese to say NO (iiye). A friend of mine arrived at a bus stop soon after the bus had been scheduled to depart. Japanese mass transit is famous for its punctuality. In despair, my friend asked a bystander whether the bus had already left. The bystander, reluctant to be impolite, said: "Possibly the bus has left." Of course, the bus had already left.

    Japanese politeness. Iiye.

    Work late. Bad weather.

    Japanese politeness. Hai.



    Japanese verbs.

    Present, past, conditional.

    Japanese politeness. Your wife. My wife.

    Your royal-wife. My pig-wife.

    Two Populations.

    This method for dissecting a sample histogram into two populations arose from discussions with Dr. Stephen D. Koch, my botany teacher in 1967, when I was an undergraduate at the University of Michigan.
    http://www.medparse.com/isapver2.htm


    Church attire.
    Dress well versus Come as you are.

    Dress well for God.
    VERSUS:
    Don't not come because you aren't dressed perfectly.

    Baucis et Philemon....

    A pious, humble old couple, described in Ovid's Metamorphoses, who hosted Apollo and Mercury in disguise, who had been spurned at the tables of richer persons living in the area. The area was flooded as a punishment (see also, Deucalion and Pyrrha), and only Baucis et Philemon were spared. They were granted a single wish, which was to die together. After a long life of reverence and piety, the couple turned into a lemon and linden tree, intertwined. This is one of the few examples in which persons who were granted a wish by the gods actually made a good choice. Examples of bad choices: Phaethon; Midas.

    Pyramus et Thisbe, altera pulcherrima alter....

    Latin: Pyramus et Thisbe, she the most beautiful of maidens, he the handsomest of youths.... The Romeo and Juliet story. Other examples: Romeo und Julia auf dem Dorfe. West Side Story.

    Nomina Anatomica.



    Politically correct alcohol.



    Politically correct xylene.



    The alcohol budget.

    According to legend, in a prestigious east-coast American medical school long ago

    Albert Einstein.

    Clark R. Einstein. The Life and Times. New York: Alfred A Knopf.

    Frege's Tragedy.

    A whiff of tragedy. Ein Hauch der Tragik.


    Clark R.
    Bertrand Russell. The Life and Times.
    New York: Alfred A Knopf.


    Stegmueller W.
    ABC der Logik.



    You need a pathologist far less
    than a garbage collector.



    Irish potato famine of 1848

    caused by British taxation.

    Wake up and smell the roses / coffee / formalin.



    Heine Borel Theorem / Proof

    Theory of wild animal hunting. Field and Stream magazine.

    Zipf's Law.



    Ethics in Medicine.

    Ethics in Medicine.
    1. Belief in God.
    2. Belief in mankind.


    Love in Evolution.



    Hamilton's Altruism paper for evolution.



    13. CHINA.



    CHIN Dynasty.

    Third century B.C.E. Unification of all China from its component provinces. Emperor Chin (the only member of the Chin dynasty) was a brutal but visionary emperor, who unified the country politically, monetarily, and in the writing system. Unfortunately, as part of his reforms, he burned all books from the previous eras. It was a capital crime to own an old book. Alas, the entire previous literary, philosophical, and mystical history of China was lost in this action.

    First Han Dynasty.



    Second Han Dynasty.



    Tang Dynasty.

    Time in which the Chinese writing system of ideograms was transferred to Japan.

    Song Dynasty.



    Ming Dynasty.



    CHINESE ZODIAC.

    The Chinese Zodiac, like the Babylonian Zodiac, is a system of twelve concepts, which govern social life. Concepts in the Chinese Zodiac govern the entire Chinese writing system, which originated over six thousand years ago, and has been in continuous use up to the present day. These zodiac creatures are keyed to the time-of-day and to the lunar calendar. Year 2003 A.D. is year 4701 in the Chineze Zodiac.
    http://www.erols.com/gwmoore/billchzo.htm

    CREATURES OF THE CHINESE ZODIAC.


          1. rat;~
          2. cow;
          3. tiger;
          4. rabbit;
          5. dragon;
          6. snake;
          7. horse;
          8. sheep;
          9. monkey;
          10. bird;
          11. dog;
          12. boar;

    YEARS OF THE CHINESE ZODIAC.


          1. rat; 1960; 1972; 1984; 1996; 2008.
          2. cow; 1961; 1973; 1985; 1997; 2009.
          3. tiger; 1962; 1974; 1986; 1998; 2010.
          4. rabbit; 1963; 1975; 1987; 1999; 2011.
          5. dragon; 1964; 1976; 1988; 2000; 2012.
          6. snake; 1965; 1977; 1989; 2001; 2013.
          7. horse; 1966; 1978; 1990; 2002; 2014.
          8. sheep; 1967; 1979; 1991; 2003; 2015.
          9. monkey; 1968; 1980; 1992; 2004; 2016.
          10. bird; 1969; 1981; 1993; 2005; 2017.
          11. dog; 1970; 1982; 1994; 2006; 2018.
          12. boar; 1971; 1983; 1995; 2007; 2019.

    HOURS OF THE CHINESE ZODIAC.



    1. rat; 11 PM - 1 AM. Beginning of life. Child. Only the RAT is active at this hour.

    2. cow; 1-3 AM. Farmer checks the COW's rope, to keep it from pulling loose, if the cow is frightened by the tiger.

    3. tiger; 3-5 AM. TIGER is the first animal prowling for prey. People who rise this early have a growling mood.

    4. rabbit; 5-7 AM. At sunrise, farmers rush to market with their vegetables, as fast as the RABBIT.

    5. dragon; 7-9 AM. The daily market appears, then disappears, like the DRAGON.

    6. snake; 9-11 AM.

    Farmers return from market. At home, their profits go into a money-pot that is guarded by a SNAKE.

    7. horse; 11 AM - 1 PM. People gather for the noon meal, while the farmer's HORSE gets a rest.

    8. sheep; 1-3 PM. Government bureaucrats stop work and gather like SHEEP for the afternoon meal.

    9. monkey; 3-5 PM. After food and wine, the government bureaucrats tell jokes and MONKEY around.

    10. bird; 5-7 PM. As the glowing sun sets in the western sky, government bureaucrats go home, just like the BIRD flying back to its nest.

    11. dog; 7-9 PM. Once everyone is home, a guard DOG is set loose in the housing compound, to protect the houses.

    12. boar; 9-11 PM. Time for conceiving babies. Men behave like a wild BOAR.

    Female Infanticide.

    Allegedly a common practice up to early twentieth century in China, and by some accounts, still practiced in remote rural areas. In traditional Chinese society, male children were much more valued than female children. The high-tech version of this practice involves amniocentesis and elective abortion of female fetuses.

    Buck PS.
    The Good Earth.
    New York: Washington Square Press. 1931;:.
    ISBN 0-671-50437-1, 260.

    0. NOTES.



    Theorems in Pathology: Combination Rules for !#$.





    Pathology Informatics:
    What for?

    What is the point of Pathology Informatics? Why is there a need to have an academic discipline/subspecialty in pathology devoted to the organization of information, a function that is ordinarily relegated to a good secretary or administrative assistant?

    1. Pathology informatics is being overtaken by non-pathologists. Formerly, pathology informatics consisted of 3x5" filecard files and Kodachrome collections, squirreled away in the back offices of packrat pathologists; and large books of paper pathology reports on bookshelves in the pathology office. Computers have taken over many of the indexing functions in pathology, and often not very well. Furthermore, pathologists are now supplicants for their own information, who must go begging to information technology (IT) specialists in order to recover reports that, previously, could be taken off a bookshelf. Pathologists have an obligation to themselves and to their profession to learn enough about IT to demand control of their informatics destiny.

    2. Anatomic pathology is more than reading slides, and pathology informatics is more than indexing pathology reports. Pathologists are trained medical professionals, who understand the gross and microscopic appearances and natural histories of thousands of diseases, and who know how to find out about tens of thousands diseases, as necessary.

    Pathology informatics is the academic discipline that collects the information produced by pathologists, and organizes it according to our understanding of etiology, pathogenesis, and manifestations of disease. We already have a head-start: pathology diagnoses are currently organized by organ, pathologic process (inflammation, degeneration, dysplasia, neoplasia, etc.), and embryology (teratoma, mesothelioma, hamartoma, etc.). Pathology informatics classifications should reflect the same natural groupings, and the people who best know how to do this are pathologists, not bureaucrats. Unfortunately, the facile use databases, spreadsheets, and word-processors has seduced pathology informaticians into viewing these tools as the building blocks of pathology informatics. As long as we live and think this way, we justly deserve the scorn of our colleagues, who claim that pathology informatics is intellectually bankrupt, and we are nothing more than glorified secretaries.

    Willis. The Borderland of Embryology and Pathology.

    Arminius.

    German hero of the wars against Rome. Hermann=Arminius. Germany=Germania=land of Arminius.

    Deutschland=people's country.



    Lymph node: reactive, lymphoma (sp stains), RS cells.



    Theorem of Pathology Tables:

    X is a COHERENT DIAGNOSIS if it can be diagnosed with high probability/certainty. (=low certainty number.

    Effort (!), Demand (#), Certainty ($).

    Mnemonic: !=I have made the effort! #=demand, pound on the table. $=certainty, put your money on it.

    SP can be regarded as a mini- or targeted autopsy.



    Pathology knowledge.

    Pathology knowledge is organized:
    etiology --> pathogenesis --> manifestation.

    Diagnostic pathology is organized:
    manifestation --> pathogenesis --> ?etiology.

    In a pathology algorithmic table, order should be arbitrary.



    Theorem of Politeness:

    you should not dispute a colleague's diagnosis, praeter necessitatem.

    QA in AP:

    essentially a community judgment, not a measurable fact.

    Response to snow in Detroit, Baltimore.



    Token Swap Method.



    Barrier Word Method.



    Order Statistics.



    Kendall MG.
    Rank Correlation Methods.
    New York: Hafner Publishing Company. 1962;:.
    ISBN not stated, 199 pages.

    Is pathology objective or witchcraft?

    Objective, but judgments are made by persons. The best way to objectify pathology is through lists.

    Paradox of the unsuccessful procedure.

    If you needed it once, do you still need it?

    I reckon that it's not a lick amiss.

    Aunt Polly, referring to punishing Tom Sawyer for a misdeed that he didn't commit. Aunt Polly figured that if Tom got punished this time, it was for something he had already done.

    Twain M.
    Tom Sawyer.
    18xx.

    The saddest words of tongue or pen,
    are these, my dear, it might have been.

    John Greenleaf Whitter, 19th century American poet.

    Eating: We do it 3x a day, why not enjoy it?

    Eating: fellowship; what everyone can do, regardless of age, intelligence, fitness. Sacred to the ancient Greeks. When Paris stole Helen, it was the ultimate injury, and launched the Trojan war.

    Alle Kunst, ist umsunst,
    wenn der Engel, auf'm Zundloch brunst.

    German: All technique is in vain, when the angel pisses on your musket.
    Last slide in a presentation made at The Johns Hopkins Medical School Sophomore Pathology Course, by Dr. Rudolf Breitnecker, Austrian-born Maryland forensic pathologist, in ?1977. It means: if a criminal is very clever, or there is some unexpected, random event, then all scientific methods may fail.

    Multiple choice questions.

    Distractors. Red Herring. Differential diagnosis.

    Things as they are; things as they should be: Cervantes.



    Eine Taube macht nicht den Frieden.

    German: One dove does not make peace. Bumper sticker on the automobile of a peace activist.
    Paraphrase of a German bar saying:
    Ein Bier ist kein Bier. German: One beer is no beer.

    Consistency in Labeling Pathology Reports:

    received; gross; microscopic.

    Thyroid Gland.

    German: Schilddruse=shield gland.
    Is it thyroid? Yes/no.
    Is it single/multiple nodule?
    Single nodule: white, stellate scar: probable papillary carcinoma.
    Single nodule: tan nodule: probable follicular neoplasm.
    Multiple nodules: probable multinodular goiter.

    Geoffrey.

    German: Gottfried=God's piece.

    Vincent.

    Latin: The Conquering One.

    Walter.

    German: Waldherr=Lord of the Woods.

    Gregory.



    Barbara.



    Michael Polanyi: Personal knowledge.

    A very influential book with me during my years in graduate school. Essentially the idea is that an knowledge is not true knowledge until it resides in the mind (and soul) of a person. That is, knowledge does not exist simply as marks on paper or as electromagnetic pulses in a computer.

    There has been a spirited discussion in the mathematics community regarding whether mathematics can exist, and a proof can really be a proof, outside the mind of a human being. There are strong arguments in either direction.

    Polanyi M.





    Kolata GB.
    Proof by computer.




    Steele and Torrie: Statistics.



    Figures don't lie, but liars can figure.



    There are lies, damn lies, and statistics.

    Attributed to Benjamin Disraeli, 19th Prime Minister of Great Britain. A remarkable statement, coming from the political leader of the country where statistics and epidemiology were born, and which continues to have one of the strongest statistics traditions in the world. Statistics is an necessary tool for a maritime nation like Britain, which must continually reckon with unpredictable risks on the high seas.

    Indexing, concordance, frustration with literary books.



    Concordance to the Bible.



    Concordance to the Dead Sea Scrolls.



    Dale Carnegie Course: How to win friends and influence people. Used by Corrie Ten Boom to influence a kindly German doctor to release one of her friends. The doctor was interested in dogs.

    Ten Boom C, with Sherrill J, Sherrill E.
    The Hiding Place. The Triumphant True Story of Corrie Ten Boom.
    New York: Bantam Books. 1971;:.
    ISBN 0-553-25669-6, 241 pages.



    Dass Di' der Teufel holt.

    German: That the devil will getcha.
    Dass Di' der is a pun on das die der, respectively, the NEUTER, FEMININE, and MASCULINE forms of the definite article, the. English grammar does not have these gender distinctions, and it is difficult for an English-as-first-language person, such as myself, to remember the gender of all those German words. I had a sadistic German professor in college, who would walk around the classroom during an examination, and make critical remarks about the students' exam papers. I still remember him looking at my paper, noticing that I was having difficulty with a noun-gender, and commenting:
    Dass Di' der Teufel holt, Herr Moore.


    May 10, 1940.
    German occupation of the Netherlands
    in World War II.



    Ten Boom C, with Sherrill J, Sherrill E.
    The Hiding Place. The Triumphant True Story of Corrie Ten Boom.
    New York: Bantam Books. 1971;:.
    ISBN 0-553-25669-6, 241 pages.

    My Dutch-born PhD advisor was of military age in 1940,

    and had just completed his first PhD, in mathematics....

    Jim Crow Genetics.

    1/8 African is black; 1/16 African is white. The plight of the octoroon. Modern-day Jim Crow aid to minorities.

    Pieces of Eight.



    Those who can, do. Those who can't, teach. George Bernard Shaw.



    Rule of Reversal in Pathology.



    Farmer enroute to Baltimore. For you, two hours!



    Time don't mean nothing to a hog.



    Rolls Royce of Lectures.

    Prof. Robert H. Heptinstall, MD. Well oiled, Barely Audible, Seems to run on forever.

    We didn't say you stole money.

    Pathology report shouldn't be so ambiguous. Ambiguity in pathology reports.

    My favorite programming language is solder.



    Listening to the radio at the Hertz Institute, Berlin, during WW2.



    Ten Boom C, with Sherrill J, Sherrill E.
    The Hiding Place. The Triumphant True Story of Corrie Ten Boom.
    New York: Bantam Books. 1971;:.
    ISBN 0-553-25669-6, 241 pages.

    Tora! Tora! Tora!

    Japanese: Tiger! Tiger! Tiger! Battle-cry of the Japanese pilots who conducted the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941.

    Tora! Tora! Tora! is a 197x movie starring Martin Landau, Jason Robards, and ... as Admiral Yamamoto.

    Words of Admiral Yamamoto, commander of the Japanese fleet December 7, 1941, after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, 1:00 EST:
    I fear that we have awakened a great, sleeping giant, and filled him with a terrible resolve.
    The Japanese declaration of war on the USA followed 55 minutes LATER, due to a clerical delay in the Japanese embassy. It was Sunday morning, and Washington, DC, was a very sleepy town in those days. The Japanese had intended to make an attack AFTER declaring war, but it turned out to occur BEFORE the declaration. Admiral Yamamoto had attended Harvard University, one of the few members of the Japanese High Command who understood Americans from first-hand experience. He realized that this surprise attack would infuriate the USA, and that we would not stop until Japan had been thoroughly defeated. Unfortunately, Admiral Yamamoto's advice was not heeded. He died several years later in the line of duty, partially as the result of messages encoded by the Navajo Code Talkers.

    Aaseng N.
    Navajo Code Talkers. America's Secret Weapon in World War II.
    Fwd by Hawthorne RO. New York: Walker & Company. 1992;:.
    ISBN 0-8027-7627-2, 114 pages.

    Vox clamantis in deserto.

    Latin: the voice of one crying in the wiilderness. Description of John the Baptist, Luke 1:xxx. Motto of Dartmouth College, New Hampshire.

    Veritas vos liberabit.

    Latin: The truth shall set you free. KJV:
    Motto of Johns Hopkins University.
    For a disgusting comparison, see: Arbeit macht frei.

    Veritas.

    Latin: Truth. KJV:
    Motto of Harvard University.


    Non ministrari, sed ministrare.

    Latin: Not to be cared for, but to care for. KJV:
    Motto of Vassar College.
    Indicating the tradition of community service among Vassar graduates.





    When in Rome, do as the Romans do.

    ...And get the heck out of Rome.

    Order Statistics.



    Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof.



    The best is the enemy of the good.



    Consistency is the hobgoblin of small minds.

    Ralph Waldo Emerson, 19th century essayist and transcendentalist.
    Consistency is also the foundation of mathematics, at least according to Goedel (q.v.).

    In mathematics, there is great precision
    but limited subject matter.



    The goal of applied mathematics

    is to widen the subject matter, without sacrificing the precision of mathematics.

    In mathematics, consistency beats completeness. at least according to Goedel (q.v.).



    Acts Chapter 29.

    Name used by a society of evangelist Christians, who believe that the miracles recounted in the ACTS OF THE APOSTLES, such as speaking in tongues, are still possible today. The Acts of the Apostles has 28 chapters, so the society's name speaks to the continuation of miracles.

    In the Roman Catholic Church, one of the Popes (Gregory the Great, I believe) declared that all Christian miracles such as in the Acts of the Apostles stopped after the fourth century A.D.

    Hermes: Greek god of Gambling.
    Mercury: Roman god of Gambling.

    Or, as the gambling industry likes to call it, GAMING, in order to conceal the taint of moral opprobrium inherent in the term, GAMBLING. The taint is well-deserved. Gambling is, by definition, immoral, because it is a zero-sum game (q.v.), that is, one person can only win if another person loses. In legalized gambling in the USA, the vendors, including government-sponsored gambling operations, are required to publish the odds of winning.

    The ignorance of the general public in regards to odds and probability is demonstrated by the enthusiasm with which people buy tickets, and even travel for hundreds of miles to buy tickets, for games such as POWERBALL, in which the prize is hundreds-of-millions of dollars, but the odds against winning are billions-to-one.

    State-sponsored gambling is bad for the state, because for every dollar that the state takes in from gambling operations, eight dollars are lost in additional social services required for problem gamblers. Furthermore, gambling is INHERENTLY REGRESSIVE TAXATION, because it takes money from the poorest citizens, and transfers it to the middle-class bureaucrats who run the state government. Rich persons don't buy lottery tickets, they gamble on the stock market, where at least some of the time, the stock investments are used to build factories and employ people.

    It is not even certain that the lives of gambling winners are greatly improved, since their names are published, and they then become lifelong victims of every crooked investment scam and bleeding-heart story offered by persons desiring a share of those winnings.

    Suetonius: Duodecim Caesares.

    Latin: The Twelve Caesars. A gossipy history of Rome, written in the sensationalist style of the New York NATIONAL ENQUIRER. Details the violence and kinky sexual proclivities of the Roman emperors, starting with Julius Caesar and ending with ... Caesar.

    Cincinnatus.
    Society of the Cincinnati.

    Cincinnatus was a Roman farmer, who served as a temporary dictator during a time of crisis in the Roman Republic. Unlike many absolute rulers that either proceeded or followed him, Cincinnatus renounced power and the end of the crisis, and returned to farming.

    The Society of the Cincinnati consisted of farmers who served in the American Revolutionary War, but returned to farming after the war was over. The city of CINCINNATI, OHIO, is named after this society.

    Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.

    A sweeping work of 18th century British scholarship. The really juicy comments are reserved for the footnotes, written in Latin.

    Gibbon EF.
    The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
    Abridgment by Low DM. Volumes 1, 2, 3. New York: Washington Square Press, Inc. 1962, 1163 pages.

    Manifest Destiny.

    A doctrine promulgated during the nineteenth century in the USA, that it was the Manifest Destiny of the USA to occupy all land from the east coast to the west coast.

    Crossing the Rubicon.
    Alea jacta est.

    Latin: The die is cast. Spoken by General Julius Caesar, when he crossed the Rubicon river with his army into Italy, from Gaul, against regulations. With this act, Caesar had broken the law, and could not turn back. The expression is used to describe an irrevocable act.

    Isaac Asimov:
    I, Robot.



    Isaac Asimov:
    Three Laws of Robotics.



    1. First Law of Robotics. You shall not harm a human, nor by your inaction, allow a human to come to harm.

    2. Second Law of Robotics. Except when it conflicts with #1, you shall always obey a human.

    3. Third Law of Robotics. Except when it conflicts with #1 and #2, you shall always preserve yourself.

    Paradoxes in
    Isaac Asimov's
    Three Laws of Robotics.



    1. When a human, on a whim, asks the robot to substantially harm itself. For example, punk teenagers who ask the robot to destroy itself. By the Second Law, the robot must comply. However, this is a substantial destruction of property for a trivial reason.

    2. In one of Asimov's later works, a professor falls in love with a very attractive, younger woman. When asked whether she is a robot, she states: NO. However, even if she were a robot, she would still be required to lie, in order not to hurt the professor's feelings, by the First Law. This same paradox may exist in many human relationships, where one partner is the social unequal of the other.

    Coventry.

    In World War II, a city in Great Britain that was bombed by the German Luftwaffe (Air Force)....

    The city where Lady Godiva rode naked through town, in order to rid the city of ..... All the upstanding townspeople closed there shutters out of deference to Lady Godiva, but a single, lecherous townsman, named Thomas, watched. Hence the expression, PEEPING TOM.

    Floaters in Pathology.



    Forensic pathology: the dead body floating to the surface in the springtime. KJV: 1. To everything there is a season, and a time to every purpose under heaven. 2. A time to be born, and a time to die. A time to plant, and a time to pluck up that which is planted. Ecclesiastes ch 3.

    Histology laboratory: Pieces of detached tissue that float in the heated waterbath, and are mounted on the wrong glass slide. These detached fragments create a lot of concern among pathologists, because you never know whether or not the tissue-fragment came from the case being examined.

    Who moved my cheese?
    Sheldon Johnson, MD.

    Why not eat up all of the cheese in Station C, before abandoning it?

    I see many different cheese stations in my workplace. Which one should I believe is about to run out?

    Don't Ask. Don't Tell. Don't Pursue.



    Do Ask. Do Tell. Do Pursue.



    Effort (!) and Demand (#) Logic.

    Demand (#) Logic: #X: You must do X.

    Effort (!) Logic: !X: I tried (!) to do X.

    Paradox of a failed procedure: If you tried the procedure once and failed, they should you try again? If so, then why did you fail? If not, then why did you attempt it the first time?

    Moore GW, Hutchins GM.
    Effort and demand logic in medical decision making.
    Metamedicine 1:277-304, 1980.

    Biomedical Data-Sharing.

    An example of what is possible in scientific studies, when scientists make their data public, so that other scientists can work with their data and draw additional conclusions.


    Liotta L.
    Lancet
    http://clinicalproteomics.steem.com/methods.php



    Susan Hockey. Virgil's Legacy. computerized study of meter.



    Hockey S.

    Japanese poiteness:
    Dr. Ishihara's American Accent.

    In general, the Japanese people are very forgiving of foreigners who make linguistic errors when attempting to speak Japanese. I am a 280 pound, 6'4" man with blond hair and blond beard, so when I was in Japan, nobody ever mistook me for a native Japanese.

    Dr. Ishihara is the pseudonym for an American-born colleague of mine, a second generation Japanese-American, or Nissei, who served in the U. S. occupation force in Japan after World War II, in part as a Japanese-to-English translator. Dr. Ishihara grew up in a Japanese-born household, and speaks accent-free Japanese, but was also educated in U.S. public schools, and speaks accent-free American English, as is typically the case with second-generation Americans. WHen Dr. Ishihara was in Japan, he was often mistaken for a native Japanese. However, since he had grown up in the USA, he had not mastered the subtleties of Japanese honorifics and expressions of politeness, and inadvertently insulted many people that he spoke to. He therefore affected an AMERICAN ACCENT when he spoke Japanese, so that Japanese people would indulge him for minor errors of politeness. American Accent.

    Ebonics, Ivorics.



    Issei.



    Nissei.



    Sansei.



    Features of Inflammation.

    Calor. Rubor. Dolor. Tumor. Functio laesa.

    Baltimore Bach Marathon.

    Quarter century tradition. St David's Church. 4700 Roland Ave

    Le/se\ Majeste/



    Plus c,a change; plus c'est la me^me chose.



    Tempora mutant, et nos mutantur in illis.



    O Tempora, O Mores. Cicero's lament. Marcus Tullius Cicero.



    Metamorphoses. Publius Ovidius Naso.



    Res: anything but thing.



    Agenda, data, media: Latin plurals.



    Omnibus.



    Naturwissenschaft. Geisteswissenschaft. Wissenschaft.



    Job should have been allowed to read the Book of Job.

    There are many explanations and rationalizations for the torments of Job. Job's arrogance for questioning God... Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth... the rivers in their courses....

    Is arrogance a sin?

    Yes, in the minds and sermons of many Christian preachers. Unfortunately, there's an inherent paradox of self-reference (q.v.). If you claim humility, then you are arrogant.....

    Clone book.



    The confused secretary.

    mixed up everything unpredictably.

    Ein Bier ist kein Bier.

    German: One beer is no beer. Paraphrase: One mouse is no mouse. Prof. Witebsky, NYU School of Medicine.

    Faxing patient records.

    confidentiality. HIPAA.

    Secure email:

    VistA yes, Microsoft(R) Outlook NO.

    I was a big autopsy guy.



    Trilingual, bilingual, American.



    George Gershwin.



    Sieve of Eratosthenes, 276-195 BCE.

    Method for generating prime numbers.

    Elizabeth I of England. 1533-1603.



    Elizabeth II of Great Britain. 1926-....



    Gregor Mendel.

    Cheated at Pea-counting. Ronald A. Fisher.

    Franz Kafka.



    Helen Lane.

    Pseudonym for the autopsy donor of HeLa cells.

    The Original Big Four
    of the Johns Hopkins Hospital.



    Howard Kelly, MD.

    Professor of gynecology.

    Sir William Osler, MD.

    Professor of medicine.

    William Welch, MD.

    Professor of pathology.

    William Halstead, MD.

    Professor of surgery.

    Alan B. Turing, arguably Great Britain's
    greatest 20th century mathematician,

    This is saying a lot in a century that produced such notable British mathematicians as Alfred North Whitehead, Bertrand Russell, Sir Andrew Wiles, Ronald A. Fisher, Karl Pearson, E. S. Pearson, William S. Gossett, Peter Tukey, Spearman, Maurice G. Kendall, Wilcoxon,

    Augustus ruled Rome,
    Livia ruled Augustus.



    E=mc2

    Einstein's famous formula.

    Tokugawa Shogunate.

    Seventeenth century until end of 19th century in Japan.

    Meiji Restoration.

    End of 19th century in Japan.

    Hirohito.

    Peace Sought. Shouwa.

    Akihito.

    Peace Achieved.

    Maurice Durufle/.

    20th century French organist and composer.

    Fatwah.

    Salmon Rushdie.

    Bela Barto/k.

    20th century Hungarian composer.

    Zoltan Kodaly.

    20th century Hungarian composer.

    Maurice Ravel.

    20th century French composer.

    O How Amiable are Thy Dwellings.

    Psalm 90.

    Prelude and Fugue in C Major (9/8). BWV 547.

    Georgeous music.

    Prelude and Fugue in D Minor. BWV 565.

    The monster song from Bach. Played by Captain Nemo in Disney Productions film version of Jules Verne's 20000 Leagues under the Sea.

    Johann Sebastian Bach. 1685-1750.

    BWV. Bachwerke Verwammelt.

    Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. 1756-1791.

    Koechel No. Amadeus=God Loves.

    Samuel Barber.

    20th century US composer. Adagio for Strings.

    Ralph Vaughn Williams.

    20th century British composer.

    Set Theory.



    Graph Theory.



    Rene Decartes.

    16th century French philosopher and mathematician. Analytic geometry unitied the worlds of Algebra and Geometry. In a stroke, Descartes doubled the number of theorems in both branches of mathematics.

    Je pense donc je suis.
    Cogito ergo sum.

    Rene Decartes. 16th century French philosopher and mathematician.

    Hyptheses non fingo.

    Sir Isaac Newton: I do not make up hypotheses. From the man who formulated the three greates hypotheses of all time in physics, namely, Newton's Three Laws of Motion.

    Suicide. Almost never a rational choice.

    It implies that one has given up all hope. Even a moribund person racked by pain may have a further purpose in this world. Who are we to anticipate God's purpose near the end of our lives?

    Silence.

    by Shusako Endo. 20th century Japanese novelist.

    Proof.



    Proof of God, Jesus.



    Student t.

    William S. Gossett.

    Coventry, England.

    Bombed by the Germans in 194..
    City wherein the legendary Lady Godiva rode naked through town. Only one person, the Peeping Tom, watched her ride.

    God's first neurosurgeon.

    Elijah. II Kings 4:8-37.

    One Hundred Years of Solitude.
    Garcia Marquez.



    Pentecostal Miracle.

    Speaking in tongues. Time for alcohol.

    Absalom.

    II Samuel 18:33.

    Sodom and Gomorrah.

    Gen ch 18-19. Abraham's bargain with God.

    Tower of Babel.

    Gen 11:1-9

    Shibboleth.

    KJV: Then they said unto him, Say now Shibboleth: and he said Sibboleth: for he could not frame to pronounce it right. Then they took him and slew him at the passages of Jordan: and there fell at that time of the Ephraimites forty and two thousand. Judges 12:6. Ephraimites were spies, attempting to enter the camps of the Jewish Gileadites. The Hebrew language distinguishes easily between S and SH sounds, but many languages (such as Japanese) do not, including the language of the Ephraimites. When Ephraimite spies attempted to enter the Gileadite camps, they were asked to pronounce Shibboleth, which the spies could not say correctly.

    A similar trick was used in World War II, when English-speaking spies were asked, say, how many home runs that Babe Ruth hit in his best year. Every American boy knows the answer: 60.

    A SOCIAL SHIBBOLETH is an unspoken phrase or tradition within an elite social circle, which is used to exclude persons not belonging to the circle.

    Kohlengerger JR iii, ed.
    The Concise Concordance to the New Revised Standard Version.
    Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1993;:.
    ISBN not stated, pages not numbered.

    Stephen Hawking.

    Brief History of Time.

    Enlightenment.

    18th Century C.E. Erklaerung. Lumie\re.

    Renaissance.

    Rebirth.

    Europe's Dark Ages.

    476-15th century. Traditionally dated from the fall of Rome to the.... At the same time, a flowering of culture in the Islamic world.

    Erewhon.

    Samuel Butler. Nowhere spelled backwards.

    Utopia.

    Saint Thomas More. Nowhere (Greek).

    Paradise Lost.

    John Milton. Puritan Poet. 17th century.

    Philip II Spain versus Elizabeth I.

    Defeat of the Spanish Armada. 1585.

    Samuel Langhorne Clemens.
    Mark Twain 1835-1910.



    Abraham Lincoln. 1809-1865.

    16th U. S. President.

    George Richardson Minot.

    American Harvard pathologist 1885-1950.

    Sir Isaac Newton. 1642-1727.

    Great Britain's greatest physicist and mathematician. Co-invented calculus.

    Archimedes 287-212 BCE.

    Greek mathematician.

    Pierre Athanase Larousse 1817-1975.

    Author of the French Dictionary.

    Steele and Torrie.

    Statistics.

    Karl Friedrich Gauss. 1777-1855.

    German mathematician.

    How Lovely is thy Dwelling Place,
    O Lord of Hosts.

    Wie Schoen sind Deine Wohnungen, Herr Zebatho. Johannes Brahms. 1833-1897.

    William Shakespeare.

    English playwright.

    Kamikaze.

    Japanese: Divine Wind. Describes the failed Korean invasion of Japan in the 14th century C.E.

    Alfred North Whitehead. 1861-1947.

    20th Century British philosopher and mathematician.

    Bertrand Russell. 1872-1970.

    20th Century British philosopher and mathematician.

    Laennec.

    Cirrhosis. French Physician.

    Noah Webster.

    U. S. Dictionary.

    Denis Diderot. 1713-1784.

    French encyclopedist.

    Sir Alexander Fleming. 1881-1955.

    Nobel Prize 1945. Physiology or Medicine.

    Johannes Kepler.

    Laws of Planetary Motion.

    Tycho Brahe. 1546-1601.

    Danish astronomer. Orbit of Mars.

    Anton van Leeuwenhoek. 1632-1728.

    Dutch biologist.

    Ralph Vaughn Williams. 1872-1958.

    20th Century British composer.

    Herrn Prof. Dr. med. Walter Sandritter. 1920-1980.

    20th Century German pathologist.

    Marcus Porcius Cato. 234-149 BCE.

    Carthago delenda est.

    Faust. 1480?-1541.

    Sixteenth century German alchemist, who spent his life searching for the philosopher's stone, which would turn lead into gold. Faust sold his soul to the devil, in exchange for complete knowledge of the mysteries of the world. Faust changed his mind at the moment of his death. Stauffen, Germany, is the place where Faust allegedly descended to Hell. It is a charming tourist location in southwest Germany, in the area of the Black Forest. Fuust is the subject of two plays by the 19th century German poet, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

    Gabriel Faure. 1845-1924.

    20th Century French composer.

    Maurice Ravel.

    French impressionist composer, early 20th century. George Gershwin visited France in the early 1930s as a student of Ravel. Gershwin was already a successful New York composer. Ravel asked Gershwin how much money he had made in the past year. Gershwin answered: $35,000, worth nearly half-a-million dollars today. Ravel, who had made less than $3,000, said: you should be the teacher.

    Ariadne's Thread.

    When Theseus wandered through the Labyrinth with other athletes from Crete, one of the clever women athletes, Ariadne, carried along a ball of string, or thread, which she unravelled as the team wandered through the Labyrinth. When it was time to re-trace their steps, Ariadne rewound her ball of string, and walked back to the entrance. Ariadne's thread is a symbol of retracing one's steps to answer a perplexing question. The Germans are quite fond of this expression, Ariadnefaden.

          Hamilton E.
    Mythology. Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes.
    1940: New York: Meridian, published by the Penguin Group.

    Daedalus. Labyrinth.



    Wily Odysseus.

    Latin: Procax Ulixes. Odysseus is the clever, or wily man WILY is an example of an EPITHET. Another epithet from Homer: the WINE-DARK SEA.

    Daedalus. Labyrinth.



    Theorem. If X, then Y.



    Contrapositive: If not-Y, then not-X.



    Stegmueller.



    Tymoczko.



    Topology: study of neighborhoods.



    Discrete Topology: study of neighborhoods.



    Indiscrete Topology.

    A topology in which T={U}.
    A pun on INDISCREET, a film starring Cary Grant and Ingrid Bergman.

    Prime Number.



    Statistics.



    Probability.



    Randomness=Ignorance.



    Chinese Remainder Theorem.

    Invented by Sun Tse, first century A.D. Chinese mathematician.

    Schneier B.
    Applied Cryptography, Second Edition. Protocols, Algorithms, and Source Code in C.
    New York: John Wiley & Sons. 1996;:249-250.
    ISBN 0-471-12845-7, 758 pages.

    14. BEING A CHRISTIAN.



    In the beginning,
    God created heaven and earth.

    Genesis 1:1. The first words of the Bible are: IN THE BEGINNING GOD.... God is the first thing ever, as well as first in the Bible.

    Where wast thou, when I laid the foundations of the Earth?



    Behold a Virgin shall conceive and bear a Son,
    and his name shall be called Emmanuel.

    The famous verse from Isaiah 7:14, that predicts the coming of the Messiah, and serves as the basis for the doctrine of the Virginity of St. Mary.
    Don't Know Much about the Bible.



    Original Sin.

    Doctrine introduced by St. Paul in his Epistle to the Romans, chapter 5. Amplified by St. Augustine in CITY OF GOD.

    The Virginity of Mary.

    A doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church, which seems dubious from the medical point-of-view, but in God all things are possible. As a doctrine of the spiritual purity of Saint Mary, and from what is known to us scripturally, there can be no doubt.

    Saint Cyril, Saint Methodius.

    Two Bulgarian (East European) Christian saints, who invented the Russian, or Cyrillic, alphabet. This alphabet contains elements of the Roman, Greek, and Hebrew alphabets, which represent the common sounds of Slavic languages.

    So lasset uns gehen in Salem der Freude.

    German: With joy we march onward to Zion with singing.
    One of Johann Sebastian Bach's beautiful anthems. 
      So  lasset uns gehen   in     Salem      der  Freude. 
 With  joy   we  march onward  to  Zion    with singing. 
  G     C D   E   F G    A      G A G      F G   E D C .


    Pax vobiscum.

    Latin: Peace be with you.
    A Christian prayer said after the absolution of sin.

    15. REFERENCES.



          1231. SOUNDEX resources.
    http://www.google.com/
    Enter SOUNDEX in the search box, and hit ENTER.

          1232. Mokotoff G.
    Soundexing and Genealogy.
    http://www.avotaynu.com/soundex.html

          1233. Mormon Soundex.
    http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~btphelps/bom/
    Click on THE SOUNDEX MACHINE.
    Cited at this website: Free Brochure. This essay is based on "Using the Census Soundex," General Information Leaflet 55 (Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Administration, 1995), a free brochure available from inquire@nara.gov (include your name, postal address, and "GIL 55 please").

          1234. Alighieri D.
    The Divine Comedy, I. Inferno. Part 2.
    Charles Singleton (Translator). Paperback: 712 pages.
    Princeton NJ: Princeton Univ Press.
    ISBN: 0691018952. commentary edition (February 1, 1990).

          1235. Taft RL.
    Name Search Techniques.
    Bureau of Systems Development. New York State Identification and Intelligence System. Albany, New York, 1984.

          1237. Hippocrates.
    Hippocrates. Volume I.
    Jones WHS, transl. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1923.
    ISBN 0-674-99162-1, 361 pages.
    Includes Hippocrates' Oath, with explanatory notes.



          1238. Euclid. Greek Mathematics.
    Goold GP, ed. Thomas I transl.
    Loeb Classical Library. #335. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1939.
    ISBN 0-674-99369-1, 511 pages.



          1239. Levy S.
    Crypto: How the Code Rebels Beat the Government -- Saving Privacy in the Digital Age.
    New York: Viking Press. January 4, 2001.
    ISBN: 0670859508, 356 pages.

          1240. Schneier B.
    Applied Cryptography, Second Edition. Protocols, Algorithms, and Source Code in C.
    New York: John Wiley & Sons. 1996;:.
    ISBN 0-471-12845-7, 758 pages.

          1241. Rivest RL.
    R. L. RIVEST'S CRYPTOGRAPHY AND SECURITY PAGE.
    http://theory.lcs.mit.edu/~rivest/crypto-security.html
    Prof. Rivest is the R in the RSA public-private cryptography algorithm, one of the intellectual masterpieces of this century.

          1242. Lemay L, Tyler D.
    Teach Yourself Web Publishing with HTML 4 in 21 days.
    Indianapolis, IN: Sams. A division of Macmillan Computer Publishing. 201 West 103rd St, Indianapolis, IN 46290. October, 1998.
    ISBN: 0-672-31345-6.

          1243. Simpson A.
    HTML Publishing Bible, Windows 95 Edition.
    Foster City, CA: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc. 1996.

          1244. Till D.
    Teach Yourself Perl 5 in 21 days. Second edition.
    Indianapolis, IN: Sams Publishing. 1996.

          1245. 15. Orwant J, Hietaniemi J, Macdonald J.
    Mastering Algorithms with Perl.
    Cambridge: O'Reilly. 1999.
    ISBN 1-56592-398-7, 684 pages.

          1246. Berman JJ.
    Perl for Pathologists.
    http://www.pathinfo.com/
    Scroll to the bottom of the page. Click on PERL for Pathologists.
    This is a fantastically simple, straightforward introduction to Perl, written by one of my colleagues.

          1246. De Roo, James R. 2001 Kanji. Structure Analysis. Association Method. Fully Cross Referenced. Fast Visual Index. 1980: Bonjinsha, Tokyo.
    Bonjinsha Distribution Center. JAC Building.
    5-5-35 Konan, Minato-ku, TOKYO 108 JAPAN.
    011=Tel Intl Access; 81=Japan; 3=Tokyo.
    Voice: 011-81-3-472-2240.
    Fax: 011-81-3-472-2129.

          1247. Japan Travel Bureau, Inc. Illustrated Japanese Characters.
    1991: Japan: Japan Travel Bureau, Inc.
         

          1248. Hamilton E.
    Mythology. Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes.
    1940: New York: Meridian, published by the Penguin Group.
    For information, address Little, Brown & Company, 34 Beacon Street, Boston MA 02106.

          1249. Chansigaud JP, Criscuolo JL, Kamina P.
    Evolution de la courbure du rachis cervical in utero. Essai d'interpretation.


          1250. Moore GW, Hutchins GM, Bulkley BH.
    Certainty levels in the nullity method of symbolic logic: application to the pathogenesis of congenital heart malformations.
    J Theor Biol. 1979 Jan 7;76(1):53-81.
    PMID: 431088; UI: 79155294.
    PubMed Entry

          1251. Moore GW, Hutchins GM.
    Effort and demand logic in medical decision making.
    Metamedicine 1:277-304, 1980.

          1252. Editorial: Moore GW, Hutchins GM.
    The persistent importance of autopsies.
    Mayo Clin Proc. 2000 Jun;75(6):557-558.

          1253. Seife C.
    Zero. The Biography of a Dangerous Idea.
    London: Penguin Books. 2000.
    ISBN: 0-670-88457-X, 248 pages.
    Reviewed by Moore GW in: Neurocomputing. 2001 Jan;42(1):335.

          1254. Stewart I.
    Flatterland. Like Flatland. Only More So.
    Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing. 2001.
    ISBN 0-7382-0442-0, 301 pages.
    Reviewed by Moore GW in: Neurocomputing. 2001 Jan;42(1):337.

          1255. Casti JL, DePauli W.
    Gödel. A Life of Logic.
    Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing. 2000.
    ISBN 0-7382-0274-6, 210 pages.
    Reviewed by Moore GW in: Neurocomputing. 2001 Jan;42(1):331.

          1256. Aleksandr I, Morton H.
    An Introduction to Neural Computing. Second Edition.
    London: International Thomson Computer Press. 1995.
    ISBN 1-85032-167-1, 284 pages.
    Reviewed by Moore GW in: Neurocomputing. 2001 Jan;42(1):337.

          1258. Scarborough D, Sternberg S.
    Methods, Models, and Conceptual Issues. An Invitation to Cognitive Science. Volume 4.
    Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 1998.
    ISBN 0-262-65946-0, 950 pages.
    Reviewed by Moore GW in: Neurocomputing. 2001;:in press.

          1259. Changeux J-P, Connes A.
    Conversations on Mind, Matter, and Mathematics
    Ed & Transl: DeBevoise MB. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 1995.
    ISBN 0-691-08759-8, 260 pages.
    Reviewed by Moore GW in: Neurocomputing. 2001;:in press.

          1260. Moore GW, Berman JJ.
    Anatomic Pathology Data Mining.
    Chapter 4. In: Cios KJ. Medical Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. Berlin: Springer Verlag. 2000;4:61-107.
    ISBN: 3-7908-1340-0, 502 pages.
    Published within the series: "Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing", Physica-Verlag Heidelberg, a Springer-Verlag Company.

          1261. Cios KJ, Moore GW.
    Medical Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery: Overview.
    Chapter 1. In: Cios KJ. Medical Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. Berlin: Springer Verlag. 2000;1:1-16.
    ISBN: 3-7908-1340-0, 502 pages.
    Published within the series: "Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing", Physica-Verlag Heidelberg, a Springer-Verlag Company.

          1262. Schiff M.
    Radio Eriwan Antwortet. [German: Radio Yerevan Responds.] Mit Illustrationen von Steiger I.
    Frankfurt a. M., Germany: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag. 1969;:.
    ISBN 3-436-01535-0, 122 pages.
    Mr Schiff and Mr Steiger were both raised in Czechoslovakia, where they had first-hand exposure to everyday communist life.

          1263. Moore GW, Hutchins GM.
    Effort and demand logic in medical decision making.
    Metamedicine 1980;1:277-304.

          1264. Hockey S.
    Textual Databases.
    Chapter 4, in: Lawler J, Dry HA, eds. Using Computers in Linguistics : A Practical Guide.
    London: Routledge.
    ISBN: 0415167930 . 1998.

          1265. Hockey S.
    A Guide to Computer Applications in the Humanities.
    Chapter 8. Sound Patterns. pp.168-188.
    Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Univ Press. 1980.
    ISBN 0-8018-2891-0, 248 pages.
    Cited: Ott W. Metrical Analysis of Latin Hexameter by Computer. Revue 4:7-24, 1966.
    Cited: Greenberg NA. Scansion Purement Automatique de l'Hexamère Dactylique. Revue 1967;3:1-25.

    This book contains the chapter about the meter of Virgil's Aeneid. The computer program successfully scanned 95% of hexameters, by recognizing the usual conventions for long and short vowels, as well as elisions, such as "-que" before a vowel. In 3-4% of sentences, more than one scansion was proposed by the computer program, and in 1-2% of sentences, the scansion was abandoned by the computer program, and it was determined that Virgil had not obeyed the rules. In about 5% of lines with an equivocal scansion, it was determined that the equivocal vowel-weight (such as a first-declension nominative (short) versus ablative (long)) had to be determined from the semantic context.

    Analyses of Homer's Odyssey and Aristotle's Nicomachean and Eudemean Ethics and Plato's Seventh Letter and Apology are also discussed in this book. An early analysis of 440 lines from Homer's Odyssey found eight false scansions, but manual analysis of these lines revealed that there were special semantic circumstances that allowed the usual scansion rules to be RELAXED.

    According to a retired professor of mathematics, a naturalized Greek-American citizen, a similar finding was found in the works of Aeschylus, regarded as the greatest of all Greek poets. Again, in lines with fall scansions, there were special semantic circumstances, such as exclamations of great joy or horror, that allowed the usual scansion rules to be relaxed.

          1266. Tymoczko T.
    New Directions in the Philosophy of Mathematics.
    Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 1998.
    Foundations. Plato's Ideals. Hilbert's Formalism. Brouwer's Intuitionism. Quasi-emperical mathematics. "Gödel was the last, great Platonist."

          1267. Lee K-B.
    A New History of Korea.
    Trnsl: Wagner EW, Shultz EJ.
    Cambridge, MA: Harvard-Yenching Institute for Harvard University Press. 1984;:.
    ISBN 0-674-61575-X, 474 pages.

          1268. Stegmueller W.
    ABC der Logik.
    A really fabulous book about the elements of symbolic logic.

          1269. Bourbaki N.
    Topologie Ge/ne/rale.

    The legendary Nicholas Bourbaki, a Greek general in the liberation of Greece from Turkey, and the name taken by a society of pre-World-War-II mathematicians, who foresaw the end of French civilization (and, therefore, mathematics) with the rise of Hitler. N. Bourbaki, that is, the society, wrote a series of books, in French, that sought to cover the entire field of mathematics, for future generations. Fortunately, Hitler was defeated, but the publications of Bourbaki continued.

          1270. Asimov I.
    Isaac Asimov: The Complete Stories.

    ISBN 038541627X, pages.

          1271. Wiesel E.
    Night.
    Trnsl. by Rodway S. New York: Bantam Books. 1960;:.
    ISBN 0-553-27253-5, 109 pages.


          1272. Cliffs Notes on Elie Wiesel's Night.
    Riess M.
    New York: Wiley Publishing Inc. 2000;:.
    ISBN 0-8220-0893-9, 71 pages.
    Page 67: Quote from Martin Niemoller, Lutheran minister in Germany during the Hitler era:
    In Germany they first came for the Communists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics, and I didn't speak up because I was a Protestant. Then they came for me--and by that time no one was left to speak up.

          1273. Campbell W.
    Forty Acres and a Goat: A Memoir.

    ISBN 0-971-89740-9, pages.

          1274. Buck PS.
    The Good Earth.
    New York: Washington Square Press. 1931;:.
    ISBN 0-671-50437-1, 260.

          1275. Kohlengerger JR iii, ed.
    The Concise Concordance to the New Revised Standard Version.
    Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1993;:.
    ISBN not stated, pages not numbered.

          1276. Johnson S.
    Who Moved My Cheese?
    Frwd by Blanchard K.
    New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1998;:.
    ISBN 0-399-14446-3, 95 pages.

          1277. Reischauer EO.
    The Japanese.
    Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 1977;:.
    ISBN 0-674-4718-4, 443, pages.

          1278. Dreyfus H. What Computers Can't Do.

          1280. Sternberg SS, ed. Antonioli DA, Carter D, Eggleston JC, Mills SE, Oberman H, assoc eds.
    Diagnostic Surgical Pathology.
    New York: Raven Press. 1989;:.
    ISBN 0-88167-442-7, 1776 pages, 2 vols.
    Surgical pathology with a strong emphasis on diagnosis and differential diagnosis from clinical and morphologic findings. Rich in differential diagnosis tables and photographs.

          1281. Lever W, Schaumburg-Lever G.
    Histopathology of the Skin. Seventh edition.
    Philadelphia: J.B.Lippincott Company. 1990;:.
    ISBN 0-397-50868-9, 940 pages.
    The seventh edition is a vast improvement on previous editions, which lacked many diseases commonly seen in dermatopathologic practice. An eighth edition is now available.

          1282. Enzinger FM, Weiss SW.
    Soft Tissue Tumors. Second Edition.
    St Louis: C.V.Mosby Company. 1988;:.
    ISBN 0-8016-1902-5, 989 pages.
    The definitive text on soft tissue tumors.

          1283. Baggaley A, ed.
    Human Body. An illustrated guide to every part of the human body and how it works.
    London: Dorling Kindersley Limited. 2001;:.
    ISBN 0-78994-7988-5, 448 pages.


          1284. Lemay L, Tyler D.
    SAMS Teach Yourself Web Publishing with HTML4 in 21 Days.
    Indianapolis, IN: SAMS. A division of Macmillan Computer Publishing. 1998;:.
    ISBN 0-672-31345-6, 795 pages.


          1285. Owen DA, Kelly JK.
    Atlas of Gastrointestinal Pathology.
    Philadelphia: W.B.Saunders Company. A division of Harcourt Brace & Company. 1994;:.
    ISBN 0-7216-6730-9, 258 pages.


          1286. Percy C, Van Holten V, Muir C.
    International Classification of Diseases for Oncology. Second Edition.
    Geneva: World Health Organization. 1990;:.
    ISBN 92-4-154414-7, 144 pages.


          1287. Rothwell DJ, Cote RA, Brochu L.
    The systematized Nomenclature of Human and Veterinary Medicine. SNOMED International. Microglossary for Pathology.
    Northfield, IL: College of American Pathologists. 1993;:.
    ISBN not stated, 475 pages.
    "Arguments for not making the switch to SNOMED International are principally familiarity with the old system and the cost of conversion. Although many of the current systems have been extended and modified to meet individual user needs, they lack the standardization and depth of SNOMED and are unsuitable for data exchange between individual institutions or individual units.
          "Specific guidelines must be established by each institution to define how an entity with more than one possible SNOMED code will be coded.... The recommendation is to establish a convention for your own institution and adhere to it. p. 8.
          GWM's note: This is a remarkable statement, considering that SNOMED is first recommended for inter-institutional data exchange, and then each institution is advised to use its own local standards for coding!!

          1288. Staff of Research and Education Association, Fogiel M, director.
    The Statistics Problem Solver(R). A Complete Solution Guide to Any Textbook.
    Piscataway, NJ: Research and Education Association. 1994;:.
    ISBN 0-87891-515-X, 1045 pages.


          1289. von Neumann J.
    The Computer and the Brain.
    New Haven: Yale University Press. 1958;:.
    ISBN not stated, 82 pages.


          1290. Zalman JF.
    Biostatistics. Experimental Design and Statistical Inference.
    New York: Oxford University Press. 1993;:.
    ISBN 0-19-507810-1, 343 pages.


          1291. Walker EA.
    Introduction to Abstract Algebra.
    New York: Random House. The Random House/Birkhaeuser Mathematics Series. 1987;:.
    ISBN 0-394-35611-X, 355 pages.


          1292. Gibbon EF.
    The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
    Abridgment by Low DM. Volumes 1, 2, 3. New York: Washington Square Press, Inc. 1962, 1163 pages.


          1293. Collins KA, Hutchins GM, eds. Tursky CL, CAP editor and designer.
    Autopsy Performance & Reporting. Second Edition.
    Northfield, IL: College of American Pathologists (CAP). 2003:;.
    ISBN 0-930304-78-0, 397 pages.


          1294. Hutchins GM, Berman JJ, Moore GW, Hanzlick RL, Collins KA, Members of the Autopsy Committee of the College of American Pathologists.
    Autopsy Reporting. Chapter 28.
    in: Collins KA, Hutchins GM, eds. Tursky CL, CAP editor and designer. Autopsy Performance & Reporting. Second Edition.
    Northfield, IL: College of American Pathologists (CAP). 2003:;265-274.
    ISBN 0-930304-78-0, 397 pages.

          1295. Moore GW.
    Computer-based Indexing. Chapter 32.
    in: Collins KA, Hutchins GM, eds. Tursky CL, CAP editor and designer. Autopsy Performance & Reporting. Second Edition.
    Northfield, IL: College of American Pathologists (CAP). 2003:;313-323.
    ISBN 0-930304-78-0, 397 pages.

          1296. Ten Boom C, with Sherrill J, Sherrill E.
    The Hiding Place. The Triumphant True Story of Corrie Ten Boom.
    New York: Bantam Books. 1971;:.
    ISBN 0-553-25669-6, 241 pages.
    A beautifully written description of the response of one humble family, living in the sleepy town of Haarlem, Netherlands, to Hitler's occupation of the Netherlands and his attempt to exterminate Dutch Jews. The book starts slow, but don't be discouraged. After fifty pages, you won't be able to put it down.

          1297. Aaseng N.
    Navajo Code Talkers. America's Secret Weapon in World War II.
    Fwd by Hawthorne RO. New York: Walker & Company. 1992;:.
    ISBN 0-8027-7627-2, 114 pages.


          1298. Bliss E jr.
    Beyond the Stone Arches. An American Missionary Doctor in China. 1892-1932.
    New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 2001;:.
    ISBN 0-471-39759-8, 246 pages.
    "In 1892--during the latter days of the Qing Dynasty-- a 26-year-old Massachusetts native embarked on a dramatic journey to an outpost in feudal China. The man's name was Edward Bliss, and it was in the impoverished walled city of Shaouwa that he fulfilled his dream of becoming a medical missionary and emerged as a true American hero.

    In this inspired and reveting read, ... Edward Bliss Jr tells the remarkable story of this courageous pioneer who selflessly risked his life to serve others...." [from the dust jacket].

          1299. Irving J.
    The Cider House Rules.
    New York: Ballantine Publishing Group. 1985;:.
    ISBN 0-345-38765-1, 598 pages.


          1300. Freund JE, Williams FJ.
    Dictionary/Outline of Basic Statistics.
    New York: Dover Publications, Inc. 1966;:.
    ISBN 0-486-66796-0, 195 pages


          1301. Seyffert O. Nettleship H, Sandys JE, eds.
    Dictionary of Classical Antiquities.
    New York: The World Publishing Company. 1956;:.
    ISBN not stated, 716 pages
    "Dr. Oskar Seyffert was a distinguished Latin schoar in Berlin and one of the editors of Berliner Philologische Wochenschrift. The first edition of the English translation of Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. appeared in 1891."

          1302. Chesterton GK.
    The Everlasting Man.
    San Francisco: Ignatius Press. 1925;:.
    ISBN 0-89870-444-8, 276 pages
    Written in the pompous, arrogant style characteristic of British writers in the early 20th century. Very difficult to plough through pages of admittedly elegant but terminally flowery prose to get to his message. After enduring about 50 pages of his denunciation of the theory of evolution, I gave up. Apparently his message is that its OK to brutalize animals, because animals don't have a soul. The Roman Catholic equivalent of C. S. Lewis, an equally pompous, overeducated early 20th century British apologist for the Anglican Church. I wish I could just shake these guys, and ask for the executive summary. Surely amid all this verbiage, there must be a nubbin of valuable truth.

          1303. Walker A.
    The Color Purple.
    New York: Pocket Books/Washington Square Press. 1982;:.
    ISBN 0-671-61702-8, 295 pages.
    I can't stand prose written in local dialect, since I must slow down and enunciate all the words before I understand what the author is saying. I have the same objection to Thomas Hardy and Wessex dialect, and to James Joyce and misspellings. [Yes, I know, some scholars consider the misspellings intentional and meaningful. These people have too much time on their hands to speculate about trash.] What's the big deal about using standard, easily readable English? It must be awful for English-as-a-second-language readers to plough through this stuff. If you don't appreciate a literary pipsqueak like me criticizing the Nobel Committee and the Pulitzer Committee, then stop reading here.

          1304. Kushner H.
    The Meaning of Life...

    ISBN , pages
    This is a worthy successor to Kushner's other classic, When Bad Things Happen to Good People. There's a superb paragraph in which Kushner recalls a college English literature examination, where the exam question was: What literary work, generally regarded as a classic, did you not like? Then, you turn the examination page, and the next question is: What deficiency in your own personality make you unable to appreciate this work?

          1305. Kushner H.
    When Bad Things Happen to Good People.

    ISBN , pages
    Kushner is my theologian. After suffering through a youth and adolescence with Saint Paul's Letter to the Romans and Saint Augustine's City of God, and far too many Christian preachers who took these saints way too seriously, at last a sensible explanation for the central question of religion. Sadly, Rabbi Kushner had to loose his son, Adam, to a congenital disease (progeria, or Gilford-Hutchinson's disease, premature aging) to reach the valuable conclusions in this slender volume. Rabbi Kushner once gave a talk at Johns Hopkins Hospital after publication of this book, and it was a standing-room-only of caregivers who face this question every day.

          1306. Chaucer G.
    The Canterbury Tales.
    New York: Avenel Press. Oxford World's Classics. 1389:;, 1906:;.
    ISBN 0-517-60615-1, 632 pages.
    First written in 1386-1389 by Geoffrey Chaucer. and first published in 1906 in Oxford World's Classics. A helpful dictionary of Middle English is attached.

    "Whan that Aprille with his shoure\s sote
    The droghte of Marche had perce\d to the rote,
    And bathe\d every veyne in swiche liquor,
    Of which vertu engendered is the flour;
    Whan Zephirus eek with his swete\ breeth
    Inspire\d hath in every holt and heeth
    The tendre\ croppe\s and the yonge\ sonne
    Hath in the Ram his halfe\ cours y-ronne,
    And smale\ fowle\s maken melodye,
    That slepen al the night with open ye:,
    (So priketh hem nature in hir corages):
    Than longen folk to goon on pilgrimages...."

    A little knowledge of German, French, and mythology is helpful to understand this: vertu=vraiment=truly, holt=Holz=wood, flour=fleur=flower, y-ronne=geronnen=ran, maken=machen=make, slepen=schlafen=sleep, corages=coeurs=hearts, goon=gehen=go, Zephyr= Greek god of the west wind, Ram = Aries astrological period.

          1307. Chaucer G.
    The Canterbury Tales.
    Trnsl by Lumiansky RM. New York: Washington Square Press/Pocket Books. 1971:;.
    ISBN 671-47502-0, 383 pages.


          1308. Chaucer G.
    The Canterbury Tales.
    Trnsl Coghill N. Baltimore, MD: The Penguin Classics. Penguin Books.
    ISBN not stated, 521 pages.


          1309. Caesar GJ.
    De Bello Gallico. [On The Gallic Wars.]
    Publisher not stated.
    ISBN not stated, 190 pages.
    "Liber Primus. 1. Gallia est in omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua' Celtae, nostra' Galli appellantur. Hi omnes lingua', institutis, legibus inter se differunt...."

    Author: Gaius Julius Caesar, ...-44 BC. [alternatively: Caius Iulius Caesar, C. Iulius Caesar.] First emperor of Rome, or Princeps [=first head, from which Prince is derived]. This account of Caesar's conquest of Gaul (=France) is short and relatively easy-to-read, suitable for both modestly literate Roman politicians (Caesar's purpose) and second-year Latin students.

          1310. Hill AB.
    Principles of Medical Statistics. Fifth Edition.
    New York: Oxford University Press. 1952;:.
    ISBN not stated, 282 pages.


          1311. Hadamard J.
    An Essay on the Psychology of Invention in the Mathematical Field.
    New York: Dover Publications, Inc. 1945;:.
    ISBN 0-486-20107-4, 145 pages.


          1312. MacMahon B, Trichopoulos D.
    Epidemiology. Principles and Methods. Second Edition.
    Boston: Little, Brown and Company. 1996;:.
    ISBN 0-316-54222-9, 347 pages.


          1313. Lewis CI, Langford CH.
    Symbolic Logic. Second Edition.
    New York: Dover Publications, Inc. 1932;:.
    ISBN 0-486-60170-6, 518 pages.


          1314. Flanagan D.
    Javascript. The definitive guide. Second Edition.
    Cambridge: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. 1997;:.
    ISBN 1-56592-234-4, 647 pages.


          1315. Ball WWR.
    A Short Account of the History of Mathematics. Fourth Edition.
    New York: Dover Publications, Inc. 1908:;, 1960:;.
    ISBN 0-486-20630-0, 522 pages.
    Includes the schools of the Egyptians, Phoenicians, and ancient Greeks, through the 19th century mathematicians such as Hermite, Galois, Lie, and Riemann.

          1316. Hines WW, Montgomery DC.
    Probability and Statistics in Engineering and Management Science.
    New York: Ronald Press Company. 1972;:.
    ISBN not stated, 509 pages.


          1317. Beckmann P.
    A History of Pi.
    New York: St. Martin's Press. 1971;:.
    ISBN not stated, 200 pages.


          1318. Downing D, Clark J.
    Statistics The Easy Way. Second Edition.
    New York: Barron's Educational Series, Inc. 1989:;.
    ISBN 0-8120-4196-8, 330 pages.


          1319. Ovid.
    Metamorphoses. In Two Volumes. Books I-VIII.
    Engl Transl by Miller FJ. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1916:;, 1960.
    ISBN not stated, 467 pages.
    Author: Publius Ovidius Naso ["The Nose"]. A book of transformations from one creature to another.

          1320. Ovid.
    The Metamorphoses of Ovid.
    Engl Transl by Innes MM. Penguin Books. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books Ltd. 1955:;, 1964:;.
    ISBN not stated, 364 pages.


          1321. Kafka F.
    Die Verwandlung. [The Metamorphosis.]

    ISBN , pages.

    Opening Line: Als Gregor Samsa eines Morgens aus unruhigen Traeumen erwachte, fand er sich in einem ungeheuren Ungeziefer verwandelt.
    German: When Gregor Samsa awakened one morning from restless dreams, he found himself transformed into a giant vermin.
    Gregor Samsa, the protagonist, is transformed/metamorphosed into a giant bug of undetermined

    A worthy existential successor to Ovid's classic of a similar name. The similar name is misleading: scholars tell us that Verwandlung also refers to the change-of-scenes in a theater production. In any event, none of Ovid's characters changed from a human into a repulsive bug.

    Believe it or not, there has been a lively scholarly inquiry into the species of this bug. Cockroach and dung-beetle (Mistkaefer) are two candidates, but these species do not fit Kafka's rather detailed description of the bug's morphology.

    The story's alienation is that of Gregor Samsa being cast out of his family, as an object of repulsion. Kafka was a Czech Jew, originally growing up in a rural area, whose family came to Christian Prague, in the early 20th century, in the shadow of Adolf Hitler. Kafka was pressured by his father to pursue a career in law, but instead became an existential writer, entirely in the German language. Kafka had a failed courtship, and died in his early thirties from tuberculosis. His home, where he wrote many of his greatest works, is a shrine maintained in the old city, and part of the

          1322. Hodgman CD, Weast RC, Selby SM, eds.
    Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. A ready-reference book of Chemical and Physical Data. Forty-second edition.
    Cleveland, OH: The Chemical Rubber Publishing Co. 1914:;, 1960.
    ISBN not stated, 3481 pages.


          1323. Kuhn TS.
    The Structure of Scientific Revoluations.
    Chicago: Phoenix Books. The University of Chicago Press. 1982:;.
    ISBN not stated, 172 pages.


          1324. Croxton FE.
    Elementary Statistcs. With Applications in Medicine and the Biological Sciences.
    New York: Dover Publications, Inc. 1953;:.
    ISBN not stated, 376 pages.


          1325. Blech B.
    The Complete Idiot's Guide to Jewish History and Culture.
    New York: Alpha Books. A Division of Macmillan General Reference. A Simon & Schuster Macmillan Company. 1999;:.
    ISBN 0-02862711-3, 406 pages.


          1326. Bernays P.
    Axiomatic Set Theory.
    New York: Dover Publications, Inc. 1968;:.
    ISBN 0-486-66637-9, 227 pages.


          1327. Chomsky N.
    Language and Mind. Enlarged Edition.
    San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers. 1968;:, - 1972;:.
    ISBN 0-15-549257-8, 194 pages.


          1328. Frank A.
    Het Achterhuis. Dagboekbrieven 12 Juni 1942 - 1 Augustus 1944.
    Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Bert Bakker. 1992;:.
    ISBN 90-351-0999-6, 301 pages.


          1329. Patterson EM.
    Topology.
    Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. 1956;:.
    ISBN not stated, 128 pages.


          1330. Golden A.
    Memoirs of a Geisha.
    New York: Vintage Contemporaries. Vintage Books. A Division of Random House, Inc. 1997;:.
    ISBN 0-679-78158-7, 434 pages.


          1331. Asimov I.
    I, Robot.
    New York: Bantam Books. A Division of Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing, Inc. 1997;:.
    ISBN 0-553-29438-5, 272 pages.


          1332. Kendall MG.
    Rank Correlation Methods.
    New York: Hafner Publishing Company. 1962;:.
    ISBN not stated, 199 pages.


          1333. Noether GE.
    Introduction to Statistics. A Nonparametric Approach. Second Edition.
    Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 1976;:.
    ISBN 0-395-18578-5, 292 pages.


          1334. Lauwerier H.
    Fractals. Endlessly Repeated Geometrical Figures.
    Trnsl by Gill-Hoffstaedt S. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Science Library. Princeton University Press. 1991;:.
    ISBN 0-691-02445-6, 209 pages.


          1335. Wilkins R, ed.
    The Doctor's Quotation Book. A Medical Miscellany.
    New York: Barnes and Noble Books. 1992;:.
    ISBN 0-88029-881-2, 96 pages.


          1336. Caldwell T.
    Dear and Glorious Physician.
    Cutchogue, NY: Buccaneer Books. 1959;:.
    ISBN 1-56849-242-1, 574 pages.
    A fictionalized account of the life of Saint Luke.

          1337. Keedy ML.
    Number Systems: A Modern Introduction.
    Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. 1965;:.
    ISBN not stated, 226 pages.


          1338. Baer E.
    Medical Semiotics.
    Deely J, Williams B, eds. Sources in Semiotics, vol 7. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. 1988;:.
    ISBN 0-8191-6706-1, 426 pages.


          1339. Harary F, ed.
    Topics in Graph Theory.
    New York: New York Academy of Sciences 1979;328:1-206.
    ISBN 0-89766-028-5, 208 pages.


          1340. Langley R.
    Practical Statistics Simply Explained. Revised Edition.
    New York: Dover Publications, Inc. 1968;:.
    ISBN 0-486-22729-4, 399 pages.


          1341. Thomas GB jr.
    Calculus.
    Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. 1953;:.
    ISBN not stated, 692 pages.


          1342. Stigler SM.
    The History of Statistics. The Measurement of Uncertainty before 1900.
    Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 1986;:.
    ISBN 0-674-40341-x, 410 pages.


          1343. Swamy MNS, Thulasiraman K.
    Graphs, Networks, and Algorithms.
    New York: A Wiley Interscience Publication. John Wiley & Sons. 1981;:.
    ISBN 0-471-03503-3, 592 pages.


          1344. Afifi AA, Azen SP.
    Statistical Analysis. A Computer Oriented Approach. Second Edition.
    New York: Academic Press. A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers. 1979;:.
    ISBN 0-12-044460-7, 442 pages.


          1345. Mood AM, Graybill FM.
    Introduction to the Theory of Statistics. Second Edition.
    New York: McGraw-Hill Series in Probability and Statistics. McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1963;:.
    ISBN not stated, 443 pages.


          1346. Light R.
    Presenting XML.
    Indianapolis, IN: Samsnet. 1997;:.
    ISBN 1-57521-334-6, 414 pages.


          1347. Liberty J.
    Teach Yourself C++ Programming in 21 Days.
    Indianapolis, IN: Sams Publishing. 1994;:.
    ISBN 0-672-30541-0, 815 pages.


          1348. Marrin C, Campbell B.
    Teach Yourself VRML 2 in 21 days.
    Indianapolis, IN: Samsnet. 1997;:.
    ISBN 1-57521-193-9, 479 pages.


          1349. Koss LG.
    Diagnostic Cytology and its Histopathologic Bases. Third Edition. Volumes 1,2.
    Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Company. 1968;:.
    ISBN 0-397-50402-0, 1266 pages.


          1350. Koss LG.
    Diagnostic Cytology and its Histopathologic Bases. Second Edition.
    Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Company. 1968;:.
    ISBN not stated, 653 pages.


          1351. Ross MH, Reith EJ, Romrell LJ.
    Histology. A Text and Atlas. Second Edition.
    Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins. 1989;:.
    ISBN 0-683-07368-0, 783 pages.


          1352. Robbins SL, Cotran RS, Kumar V.
    Pathologic Basis of Disease. Third Edition.
    Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company. 1984;:.
    ISBN 0-7216-7597-2, 1467 pages.


          1353. Robbins SL.
    Pathologic Basis of Disease.
    Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company. 1974;:.
    ISBN 0-7216-7594-8, 1595 pages.


          1354. Whitehead R.
    Mucosal Biopsy of the Gastrointestinal Tract.
    Volume 3 in the Series: Major Problems in Pathology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company. 1974;:.
    ISBN 0-7216-9304-0, 241 pages.


          1355. Ackerman AB.
    Histologic Diagnosis of Inflammatory Skin Diseases. A Method by Pattern Analysis.
    Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. 1978;:.
    ISBN 0-8121-0581-8, 863 pages.


          1356. Silverberg SG.
    Atlas of Breast Pathology.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2002;:.
    ISBN 0-7216-9557-4, 255 pages.


          1357. Wold et al.
    Atlas of Orthopedic Pathology. Second Edition.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2002;:.
    ISBN 0-7216-9158-7, 420 pages.


          1358. Clement, Young.
    Atlas of Gynecologic Surgical Pathology.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2000;:.
    ISBN 0-7216-2458-8, 507 pages.


          1359. Naeim.
    Atlas of Bone Marrow and Blood Pathology.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2001;:.
    ISBN 0-7216-8735-0, 228 pages.


          1360. Kern et al.
    Atlas of Renal Pathology.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 1999;:.
    ISBN 0-7216-7067-4, 349 pages.


          1361. Fu.
    Pathology of the Uterine Cervix, Vagina and Vulva. Second Edition.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2002;:.
    ISBN 0-7216-5756-7, 475 pages.


          1362. Foster, Bostwick DG.
    Pathology of the Prostate.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 1998;:.
    ISBN 0-7216-6951-7, 460 pages.


          1363. Katzenstein AA.
    Katzenstein and Askin's Surgical Pathology of Non-Neoplastic Lung Disease. Third Edition.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 1997;:.
    ISBN 0-7216-5755-9, 487 pages.


          1364. Virmani et al.
    Cardiovascular Pathology. Second Edition.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2001;:.
    ISBN 0-7216-8165-4, 576 pages.


          1365. Owen, Kelly.
    Pathology of the Gallbladder, Biliary Tract and Pancreas.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2001;:.
    ISBN 0-7216-1910-X, 384 pages.


          1366. Weidner N, Cote RJ, Suster S, Weiss L.
    Modern Surgical Pathology.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2003;:.
    ISBN 0-7216-7253-1, 2464 pages.


          1367. Miettinen MM.
    Diagnostic Soft Tissue Pathology.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2002;:.
    ISBN 0-443-06611-6, 608 pages.


          1368. O'Leary TJ.
    Advanced Diagnostic Methods in Pathology. Principles, Practice, and Protocols.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2002;:.
    ISBN 0-7216-4976-9, 560 pages.


          1369. Wickramasinghe SN, McCullough J.
    Blood and Bone Marrow Pathology.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2003;:.
    ISBN 0-443-06436-9, 620 pages.


          1370. Weiss SW, Goldblum JR.
    Enzinger and Weiss's Soft Tissue Tumors. Fourth Edition.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2001;:.
    ISBN 0-323-01200-0, 1632 pages.


          1371. MacSween RN, Burt AD, Portmann BC, Ishak KG, Scheuer PJ, Anthony PP.
    Pathology of the Liver. Fourth Edition.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2001;:.
    ISBN 0-443-06181-5, 895 pages.


          1372. Robboy SJ, Anderson MC, Russell P.
    Pathology of the Female Reproductive Tract.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2001;:.
    ISBN 0-443-05595-5, 929 pages.


          1373. Ironside J, Moss TH, Lowe JS, Weller RO.
    Diagnostic Pathology of Nervous System Tumours.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2002;:.
    ISBN 0-443-04558-5, 750 pages.


          1374. Cotran RS, Kumar V, Collins T.
    Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 1999;:.
    ISBN 0-7216-7335-X, 1440 pages.


          1375. Scheuer PJ, Lefkowitch JH.
    Liver Biopsy Interpretation. Sixth Edition.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2000;:.
    ISBN 0-7020-2502-X, 400 pages.


          1376. Gnepp DR.
    Diagnostic Surgical Pathology of the Head and Neck.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2001;:.
    ISBN 0-7216-76856-9, 912 pages.


          1377. Fletcher CDM.
    Diagnostic Histopathology of Tumors. Second Edition.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2000;:.
    ISBN 0-443-07992-7, 1976 pages. Volumes 1,2.


          1378. Fu YS, Wenig BM, Abdmayor E, Wenig BM.
    Head and Neck Pathology. With Clinical Correlations.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2001;:.
    ISBN 0-443-07558-1, 912 pages.


          1379. Henry JB.
    Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. Twentieth Edition.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2001;:.
    ISBN 0-7216-8864-0, 1512 pages.


          1380. Orell SR, Sterrett GF, Walters MN-I, Whitaker D.
    Manual and Atlas of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology. Third Edition.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 1999;:.
    ISBN 0-443-05714-1, 446 pages.


          1381. Herzberg AJ, Raso DS, Silverman JF.
    Color Atlas of Normal Cytology.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 1999;:.
    ISBN 0-443-07547-6, 502 pages.


          1382. Atkinson BF, Silverman JF.
    Atlas of Difficult Diagnoses in Cytopathology.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 1998;:.
    ISBN 0-7216-4076-1, 580 pages.


          1383. Ferry JA, Harris NL.
    Atlas of Lymphoid Hyperplasia and Lymphoma.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 1997;:.
    ISBN 0-7216-5907-1, 285 pages.


          1384. McCarthy EF, Frassica FJ.
    Pathology of Bone and Joint Disorders with Clinical and Radiographic Correlation.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 1998;:.
    ISBN 0-7216-6336-2, 398 pages.


          1385. Gilbert-Barness E.
    Potter's Atlas of Fetal and Infant Pathology.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 1999;:.
    ISBN 0-323-00126-2, 416 pages.


          1386. Lewis SH, Perrin D.
    Pathology of the Placenta. Second Edition.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 1999;:.
    ISBN 0-443-07586-7, 428 pages.


          1387. LiVolsi VA, Asa SL.
    Endocrine Pathology.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2002;:.
    ISBN 0-443-06595-0, 384 pages.


          1388. Haber MH, Gattuso P, Spitz DJ, David O.
    Differential Diagnosis in Surgical Pathology.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2002;:.
    ISBN 0-7216-9053-X, 1150 pages.


          1389. Weedon D.
    Skin Pathology. Second Edition.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2002;:.
    ISBN 0-443-07069-5, 1100 pages.


          1390.
    Ackerman's Surgical Pathology. Eighth Edition.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 1996;:.
    ISBN 0-8016-7004-7, 2896 pages.


          1391. Lester SC.
    Manual of Surgical Pathology.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2001;:.
    ISBN 0-443-07918-8, 352 pages.


          1392. Dobbs DJ.
    Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2001;:.
    ISBN 0-443-06566-7, 685 pages.


          1393. Burger P, Scheithauer BW, Vogel FS.
    Surgical Pathology of the Nervous System and its Coverings. Fourth Edition.
    Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. 2002;:.
    ISBN 0-443-06506-3, 672 pages.


          1394. Chinese Japanese Friendship Hospital Medical Records Fileroom.
    System of the Chinese Classification of Disease. Manual of SNOMED codes. First Edition.
    Chinese Calculator Technical Services, Inc. 1987 Apr;:.
    ISBN: not stated, 397 pages.

          1395. Metzker I.
    A Bintel Brief. Sixty years of Letters from the Lower East Side to the Jewish Daily Forward.
    Fwd and Notes by Golden H. New York: Ballantine Books. 1971;:.
    ISBN 345-02903-8-125, 216 pages.


          1396. Panshin A.
    Heinlein in Dimension. A Critical Analysis.
    Intro by Blish J. Chicago: Advent:Publishers, Inc. 1968;:.
    ISBN: 911682-01-5, 204, pages.


          1397. Moore WG.
    A Dictionary of Geography. Revised and Enlarged Edition. Definitions and Explanations of Terms Used in Geography.
    Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books. 1949;: - 1968;:.
    ISBN: not stated, 234 pages.


          1398. Thomas L.
    The Lives of a Cell. Notes of a Biology Watcher.
    Toronto: Bantam Books, Inc. 1974;:.
    ISBN: not stated, 180 pages.


          1399. Kafka F.
    Hochzeitsvorbereitungen auf dem Lande. Und andere Prosa aus dem Nachlass. [Wedding Preparations in the country. And other prose from the legacy.]
    Brod M, ed. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag. 1953;:.
    ISBN: 880-3-596-22067-X, 359 pages.
    Franz Kafka was born in Prague on July 3, 1883, the son of a Jewish merchant. Between 1901 and 1906 he studied first Germanistics for a short time, then Law. Following promotion to Doctor of Laws, he completed a one-year law practice, and then entered the General Assurance company, and went, as a lawyer, to the Worker-Accident-Insurance-Institution, where he remained until his retirement in 1922., Tuberculosis was diagnosed in 1917, from which he died several years later, and June 3, 1924.

          1400. Kafka F.
    Das Schloss. Roman. [The Castle. A Novel.]
    Brod M, ed. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag. 1935;:.
    ISBN: 880-3-596-20900-5, 358 pages.


          1401. Weidner N, ed.
    Modern Surgical Pathology (2 Volume Set).
    New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1st edition (January 15, 2001).
    ISBN: 0443079188, 336 pages.

          1402. Hruban RH, Westra WH, Phelps TH, Isacson C.
    Surgical Pathology Dissection: An Illustrated Guide. Second Edition.
    Heidelberg: Springer Verlag; 1st edition (January 15, 1996).
    ISBN: 0387945679, 216 pages.

          1403. Rosai J, Ackerman LV.
    Ackerman's Surgical Pathology (2 Vol Set). Eighth Edition.
    St Louis: CV Mosby; 8th edition (January 15, 1996)
    ISBN: 0801670047, 2732 pages.

          1404. Faber JJ, Thornburg KL.
    Placental Physiology. Structure and Function of Fetomaternal Exchange.
    New York: Raven Press. 1983;:.
    ISBN: 0-89004-978-5, 192 pages.


          1405. Kushner HS.
    When Bad Things Happen to Good People.
    New York: Avon Books. A Division of the Hearst Corporation. 1981;:.
    ISBN: 0-380-60392-6, 149 pages.


          1406. Shem S.
    The House of God.
    New York: A Dell Book. 1978;:.
    ISBN: 0-440-13368-8, 429 pages.


          1407. Khayyam O.
    The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam.
    FitzGerald E, transl. New York: Walter J. Black. 1859;: - 1942;:.
    ISBN: not stated, 178 pages.

    The famous Quatrain 11:
    "A Book of Verses underneath the Bough,
    A Jug of Wine, a Loaf of Bread--and Thou,
    Beside me singing in the Wilderness--
    Oh, Wilderness were Paradise enow!"


          1408. Bunyan J.
    The Pilgrim's Progress.
    Old Tappan, NJ: Spire Books. Fleming H. Revell Company. 1975;:.
    ISBN: not stated, 288 pages.


          1409. Thompson DW.
    On Growth and Form.
    Bonner JT, ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1961;:.
    ISBN: 0-521-09390-2, 346 pages.


          1410. Dreyfus HL.
    What Computers Can't Do. A Critique of Artificial Reason. First Edition.
    New York: Harper and Row, Publishers. 1972;:.
    ISBN: 06-011082-1, 259 pages.


          1411.


    ISBN: , pages.


          1412.


    ISBN: , pages.


          1413.


    ISBN: , pages.


          1414.


    ISBN: , pages.


          1415.


    ISBN: , pages.


          1416.


    ISBN: , pages.


          1417.


    ISBN: , pages.


          1418.


    ISBN: , pages.


          1419.


    ISBN: , pages.


          1420.


    ISBN: , pages.


    16. RETURN TO BILL MOORE'S HOME PAGE.


    http://www.erols.com/gwmoore

    17. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.


    For additional information comments, contact Bill Moore at:
    gwmoore@erols.com

    I would greatly appreciate exact citations for any of the above quotes, preferably citations that I can check on the worldwide web myself, especially a government or other reliable institutional source.
    Last Updated by G. William Moore, MD, PhD, March 7, 2003.