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Copyright
 19.02.03

Copyright Administrations

Directory of National Copyright Administrations
U.S. Copyright Office

Copyright Associations

--international organisations--

BIEM  Bureau International des Sociétés Gérant les Droits d'Enrégistrement et de Réproduction Mécanique - International body
Christian Copyright Licensing International  copyrigt licences for church services incl. transparencies, songsheets, input lyrics on a computer, record worship services, etc.
InterDeposit  international federation for data-processing and information technologies has put together a system for the identification of works: International Indentifier of Digital Works
International Confederation of Societies of Authors and Composers  CISAC
International Federation of Journalists, Authors Rights Campaign
International Federation of Reproduction Rights Organisations
International Publishers Association
Secure Digital Music Initiative  association of worldwide recording & technology companies to develop open, interoperable architecture & specification for digital music security
World Intellectual Property Organization

--national and regional organisations--

Argentina: AADI  Asociación Argentina de Intérpretes - royalties collection agency for actors (in Spanish)
Argentina: SADAIC  Sociedad Argentina de Autores y Compositores de Música - administrates rights of composers, lyricists and music publishers (in Spanish)
Australia: AMCOS  Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners Society
Australia & New Zealand: APRA  Australasian Performing Right Association - association of composers, lyricists and music publishers in Australia and New Zealand
Australia: CAL  Copyright Agency Limited - copyright management for authors and publishers, by collecting and distributing licensing fees charged for copying published works
Australia: Copyright Law Review Committee
Australian Copyright Council
Australia: Copyright Tribunal
Austria: AKM  Autoren, Komponisten, Musikverleger Gen.mbH - copyright royalty collection society for performance and broadcast of music (in German)
Austria: VDFS  Verwertungsgesellschaft Dachverband Filmschaffender - collecting society in the audio-visual field
Belgium: REPROBEL  Société belge de perception et de répartition des droits pour la reprographie (in French and Ducth)
Belgium: SABAM  Belgian Society of Authors, Composers and Publishers - Société d'Auteurs Belge/Belgische Auteurs Maatschappij (in French and Ducth)
Brazil: Escritório Central de Arrecadação e Distribuição  Authors' rights organisation (in Portuguese)
Brazil: SICAM  Sociedade Independente dos Compositores e Autores Musicais - Independent society of musical authors and composers (in Portuguese)
Brazil: UBC  União Brasileira de Compositores - Brazilian Composers Union - society to administer the rights of musical authors, composers and publishers
Canada: AQAD  Association québécoise des auteurs dramatiques
Canada: ERDC  Electronic-Rights Defence Committee
Canada: CANCOPY  Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency
Canada: CMRRA  Canadian Musical Reproduction Rights Agency
Canada: COPIBEC  Société québécoise de gestion collective des droits de reproduction - authorising the usage of copyright-protected works within Québec
Canada: SARDEC  Société des Auteurs, Recherchistes, Documentalistes et Compositeurs (in French)
Canada: SOCAN  Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada
Canada: SODRAC  Société du droit de Reproduction des Auteurs, Compositeurs et Editeurs du Canada
Canada: SoQAD  Société québécoise des auteurs dramatiques
Canada: SPACQ  Société Professionnelle des Auteurs et Compositeurs du Québec (in French)
Canada: TERLA  Electronic Rights Licensing Agency, The
Central and Eastern European Copyright User Platform  Copyright and licencing information for Central and Eastern European libraries
Chile: SCD  Sociedad Chileno del Derecho de Autor - copyright royaly collection agency for musical authors, composers and publishers (in Spanish)
Croatian Composers' Society [Hrvatsko Društvo Skladatelja] (in Croatian)
Cuba: Centro Nacional de Derecho de Autor  (in Spanish)
Denmark: COPY-DAN  the Joint Collecting Society  for Copyrights in Denmark
Denmark: Gramex
Denmark: KODA  Selskabet til Forvaltning af Internationale Komponistrettighederi Danmark (in Danish)
Denmark: NCB  Nordisk Copyright Bureau - Nordic mechanical copyright society that works on behalf of the national performing rights societies in the Nordic area
Denmark: SfO  Samrådet for Ophavsret - organisation for protection of literary and artistics copyrights (in Danish)
Estonia: EAU  Estonian Authors Society - represents authors of musical works and authors of works of drama - administers author's rights
European Copyright User Platform  Copyright and licencing information for European libraries
Finland: Kopiosto  joint copyright organization for authors and publishers
Finland: TEOSTO  Säveltäjäin Tekijänoikeustoimisto Teosto r.y./Finlands Tonsättares Internationella Upphovsrättsbyrå Teosto rf   (in Finnish and Swedish)
France: ADAGP  Société des Auteurs dans les Arts Graphiques et Plastiques
France: Agence pour la Protection des Programmes  agency for the protection of software programs  (in French)
France: C.F.C.Centre Français d'exploitation du droit de Copie - reproduction rights organisation (in French)
France: SACD  Society of Dramatic Authors and Composers - private corporate entity for the collection and distribution of authors' royalties, managed by and for its members
France: SACEM  Societe des Auteurs Compositeurs et Editeurs de Musique - Society of Musical Authors, Composers and Publishers
France: SCAM  Civil society of multimedia authors - collection agency for authors' (audiovisual, audio, written works, new technologies, stills, corporate films, journalists) copyright royalties
France: SDRM  Société pour l'Administration du Droit de Reproduction Mécanique des Auteurs, Compositeurs et Editeurs - Writers', composers' and publishers' RRO  (in French)
France: SESAM  multimedia authors' copyright agency (in French)
France: Société des Gens de Lettres  (in French)
Germany: CMMV  Clearingstelle Multimedia für Verwertungsgesellschaften von Urheber- und Leistungsschutzrechten GmbH
Germany: GEMA  German Author's Rights Society
Germany: GRUR  Geschäftsstelle der Deutschen Vereinigung für gewerblichen Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht e.V. (in German)
Germany: GüFA  Gesellschaft zur Übernahme und Wahrnehmung von Filmaufführungsrechten mbH (in German)
Germany: GVL  Gesellschaft zur Verwertung von Leistungsschutzrechten mbH (in German)
Germany: GWFF  Gesellschaft zur Wahrnehmung von Film- und Fernsehrechten mbH (in German)
Germany: VFF  Verwertungsgesellschaft der Film- und Fernsehproduzenten mbH (in German)
Germany: VG Bild-Kunst  Verwertungsgesellschaft Bild-Kunst - RRO for the reproduction rights of graphics and images (in German)
Germany: VG Musikedition  eine Verwertungsgesellschaft zur Wahrnehmung von Nutzungsrechten an Editionen (Ausgaben) von Musikwerken(in German)
Germany: VG Satellit  Gesellschaft zur Verwertung der Leistungsschutzrechte von Sendeunternehmen mbH (in German)
Germany: VG Wort  Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort - RRO for the reproduction rights of the printed and spoken word (in German)
Georgian Copyright Association
Greece: AEPI  Hellenic Society for the Protection of Intellectual Property
Hungary: ARTISJUS  Hungarian Bureau for the Protection of Authors' Rights (in Hungarian)
Hungary: FILM JUS  Hungarian Society for the Protection of Audio-visual Authors' and Producers' Rights (in Hungarian)
Hungary: KiberNet  Collecting Society of Hungarian Creative Artists' Association (in Hungarian)
Iceland: STEF  Samband Tonskaloa Og Eigenda Fluntningsrettar (in Icelandic)
Iceland: Visual Arts Copyright Association [Myndhöfundasjóður Íslands]
Ireland: Copyright Association of Ireland
Ireland: IMRO  Irish Music Rights Organisation - copyright protection organisation for music composers, authors and publishers
Ireland: PPI  Phonographic Performance (Ireland) Limited - collects royalties when sound recording is played in public, broadcast on the radio or carried over a cable service
Israel: ACUM  Society of Authors, Composers and Music Publishers in Israel
Israel: Eshkolot  Israel Artistes' Company for Performers' Rights Ltd
Italy: SIAE  Società Italiana degli Autori ed Editori - Italian Society of Authors and Publishers
Japan: Association of Copyright for Computer Software  (in Japanese)
Japan: Copyright Information and Research Center
Japan: GEIDANKYO  Japan Council of Performers' Organizations - Nihon Geino Jitsuenka Dantai Kyogikai
Japan: JASRAC  society pursuing intermediary business involving musical copyrights
Japan: JRRC  Japan Reprographic Rights Center
Japan: RIAJ  Recording Industry Association of Japan - collects secondary use fees from broadcasters and remuneration from record rental business (in Japanese)
Japan: Software Information Center  registration of software programs
Malta: KOPJAMALT  Copyright Licensing Agency for the Maltese Islands
Mexico: SACM  Sociedad de Autores y Compositores de Mùsica S. de G.C. de I.P. - copyright collecting society for musical authors and composers
Netherlands: Beeldrecht  copyright agency for visual artists incl. scuptors, painters, graphic designers, interior decorators, photographers (in Dutch)
Netherlands: BUMA  Dutch music copyright organization
Netherlands: Burafo  photographer's copyright agency (in Dutch)
Netherlands: Cedar B.V.   joint service organisation of a large number of organisations active in the field of exploitation of authors and lated rights
Netherlands: Lira  authors' copyright society (in Dutch)
Netherlands: STEMRA  Dutch music copyright organization
Netherlands: Stichting Bladmuziek  sheet music copyright agency (in Dutch)
Netherlands: Stichting de ThuisKopie  copyright organisation for home copying and recording (in Dutch)
Netherlands: Stichting Foto Anoniem  copyright organisation for photographers (in Dutch)
Netherlands: Stichting Pro  Publicatie- en Reproductierechten Organisatie - publishing and reproduction rights organisation (in Dutch)
Netherlands: Stichting Reprorecht  behartigt de belangen van auteurs en uitgevers (in Dutch)
New Zealand: Copyright Council
New Zealand: Copyright Licensing Limited  copyright and the copying of extracts from printed published works such as books, journals and periodicals in New Zealand
Nordic Union of Playwrights  Nordisk Dramatikerunion - NDU
Norway: BONO  Billedkunst Opphavsrett i Norway - independent copyright organisation managing the rights of visual artists
Norway: Clara  An Online Information Centre for Copyright and Clearance
Norway: GRAFILL  Norwegian Graphic Designers and Illustrators
Norway: GramArt  Grammofonartistenes forening - Recording Artists' Association
Norway: GRAMO  organisation with the object of negotiating, collecting and distributing remuneration for broadcasting in Norway of phonograms and other recordings
Norway: Kopinor  The Reproduction Rights Organisation of Norway
Norway: LINO  organisation that manages authors' rights
Norway: NDF  Norwegian Playwrights' Association - Norske Dramatikeres Forbund
Norway: NFF  Norwegian Non-Fiction Writers and Translators Association - Norsk faglitterær forfatter- og oversetterforening
Norway: NOPA  Norwegian Society of Composers and Lyricists (in Norwegian)
Norway: Norsk Filmforbund  Norwegian Filmworkers' Association (in Norwegian)
Norway: Norsk Journalistlag  Norwegian Union of Journalists (in Norwegian)
Norway: NORWACO  Organisasjon for rettighetshavere til audiovisuelle verk - organisation to protect the rights of audio-visual works (in Norwegian)
Norway: TONO  Norsk Komponistforenings Internasjonale Musikkbyra (in Norwegian)
Poland: KOPIPOL  Association of Collective Copyright Administration for Authors of Scientific and Technical Works
Poland: ZAIKS  Otowarzyszenie Autorow - society of authors (in Polish)
Portugal: SPA  Sociedade Portuguesa de Autores - mechanical and performance royalty collection agency for all literary and artistic works inc. music and multimedia
Russian Authors' Society  copyright agency
Singapore: COMPASS  Composers & Authors Society of Singapore Ltd
South Africa: DALRO  Dramatic, Artistic and Literary Rights Organisation - Reprographic Reproduction of Copyright Material for Educational Purposes
Spain: CEDRO  Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos - Spanish Centre for Reproduction Rights - Entidad de Autores y Editores (in Spanish)
Spain: SGAE  Sociedad General Autores y Editores (in Spanish)
Sweden: ALIS  Administration av litterära rättigheter i Sverige - copyright royalty collection agency for literary works (in Swedish)
Sweden: BONUS  Pictures, Words, Printed Music - Joint Copyright Organization - Bild Ord Not Upphovsrättslig Samorganisation
Sweden: BUS  Bildkonst Upphovsrätt i Sverige - organisation of copyright and other legal rightsholders in the field of visual arts and allied fields (in Swedish)
Sweden: Copyswede  Swedish authors' and performers' collecting society
Sweden: Presskopia  reproductive rights organisation for newspaper and magazine articles
Sweden: SAMI  Swedish Artists' and Musicians' Interest Organization - collects and distributes compensation for the public use of recorded performances
Sweden: SKAP  Swedish Society of Popular Music Composers - Looks after the members' artistic interests and matters concerning copyright
Sweden: SMFF  Swedish Music Publishers Association - mission is to work for increased knowledge about, and increased respect for copyright
Sweden: STIM  Swedish Performing Rights Society - Svenska Tonsättares Internationella Musikbyrå
Sweden: Sveriges Författarförbund  Swedish writers' guild (in Swedish)
Switzerland: Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Patent, Copyright and Competition Law
Switzerland: ProLitteris  Schweizerische Urheberrechtsgesellschaft für Literatur und bildende Kunst - the Swiss copyright society for literature and visual arts
Switzerland: SSA  Swiss Society of Authors - Société Suisse des Auteurs - Schweizerische Autorengesellschaft - Società Svizzera degli Autori -- authors of stage and screen works
Switzerland: SMCC  information service of the four Swiss copyright societies in the field of the multimedia, ProLitteris, SSA, SUISA and SUISSIMAGE
Switzerland: SUISA  Swiss Copyright Society
Switzerland: Suissimage  Swiss Authors' Rights Society for Audiovisual Works, copyright royalty collection agency
Trinidad and Tobago: COTT  Copyright Organisation of Trinidad and Tobago Ltd. - membership association of composers, authors and publishers of music
UK: Authors' Licensing and Collecting Society
UK: Copyright Licensing Agency
UK: Creators' Copyright Coalition  exists to co-ordinate the work of organisations representing creators of copyright material of all kinds in defending their members' interests
UK: MCPS  Mechanical Copyright Protection Society
UK: NLA  Newspaper Licensing Agency
UK: PRS  Performing Rights Society
UK: Publishers Licensing Society
UK: WATCH  Writers, Artists, and Their Copyright Holders - database of copyright holders for authors and artists whose archives are in North American and UK libraries
US: AARC  Alliance of Artists and Recording Companies - collects royalties from manufacturers of digital audio recorders, tapes and discs to compensate for home taping
US: Americans Linking to Assure Their Rights to Technology  group opposing laws banning VCRs and computers that don't restrict home recording
US: Artists Rights Foundation
US: ASCAP  American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers
US: Authors Registry
US: Better Ethics Online  discourage unauthorized use of intellectual property, and help protect rights of authors, graphic artists, website designers/owners, online entrepreneurs
US: BMI  Broadcast Music Inc.
US: Business Software Alliance  educates computer users on software copyrights and fights software piracy
US: Copyright Clearance Center
US: Copyright Society of the United States of America
US: Digital Future Coalition  committed to striking an appropriate balance in law and public policy between protecting intellectual property and affording public access to it
US: Electronic Frontier Foundation  organisation to protect rights and promote freedom in cyberspace
US: FACE  Friends of Active Copyright Education - moving images - internet - words - music - still images - international
US: Graphic Artists Guild  promotes and protects the economic interest of creators of graphic art and raising standards for the entire industry
US: Harry Fox Agency, Inc., The  information source, clearinghouse and monitoring service for licensing musical copyrights
US: Home Recording Rights Coalition
US: League for Programming Freedom  organization that opposes software patents and user interface copyrights
US: Media Photographers' Copyright Agency  entity created by American Society of Media Photographers, Inc.  to license its members' work in the electronic environment
US: Mira  Media Image Resource Alliance - national licensing program for digitized photographic images
US: Motion Picture Licensing Corporation  copyright licensing service for public performances of home videocassettes and videodiscs of motion pictures
US: Picture Agency Council of America  Trade Association for Stock Picture Agencies in North America
US: SESAC  performing rights organization, with headquarters in Nashville and offices in New York and London
US: Software & Information Industry Association, Anti-Piracy Division
US: Web Copyright Association
US: Writers Guild of America, west
Uruguay: AGADU  Asociación General de Autores de Uruguay - association to administer copyrights of authors (musical, literary and theatrical) (in Spanish)
Venezuela: SACVEN  Sociedad de Autores y Compositores de Venezuela - collects performance and mechanical royalties for musical and theatrical works

Copyright Information Resources

--General--

Copyright: A brief intro to copyright  by Brad Templeton
Copyright: Crash Course in Copyright  from the University of Texas
Copyright: Fight Against Piracy, The  by Denis de Freitas, from International Publishers Association 1994
Copyright: Major provisions of GATT in the field of Copyright protection  from Ladas & Perry
Copyright: General information about copyrights  from Oppedahl & Larson LLP
Copyright: Rightsholders at a Crossroads: From Photocopying to Electronic Dissemination of Works  from Kopinor
Copyright: Role, Importance and Possibilities of Collecting Societies in a Digital Age from Kopinor
Copyright: Unauthorized Reprographic Reproduction of Copyright Works  a Global Overview of Statistical Surveys  from Kopinor

--internet related--

Australia: Copyright and the Internet: New Government reforms  from Murdoch University School of Law
Canada: Copyright Infringement and the Internet  from Industry Canada
Canada: Liability for Internet Copyright Infringement  from Industry Canada
Canada: Response to "Copyright and the Information Highway"  from Canadian Association of Photographers and Illustrators in Communications
France: Les droits d'auteur sur le web  Copyright on the web (in French)
Germany: Juristisches Internet-Projekt Saarbrücken, Abteilung Urheberrecht, Informationen zum Urheberrecht im Internet (in German)
Internet: Authors' Rights in Cyberspace: Are New International Rules Needed?  from First Monday 1996
Internet: Can Copyright Deal with Information Technology?  by Raphael Darius
Internet: Copyright in the New World of Electronic Publishing  from Kotin, Crabtree, and Strong
Internet: Copyright for Computer Authors  from Franklin Pierce Law Center
Internet: Copyright Law and Digital Exploitation of Works  The Current Copyright Landscape in the Age of the Internet and Multimedia, by Dr. Thomas Dreier, M.C.J., from IPA
Internet: Copyright on the Internet  from Franklin Pierce Law Center
Internet: Copyrights in Cyberspace  from Nolo Press
Internet: Cybercopyrights: Piracy and Fair Use on the Web  from National Consultant Referrals, Inc.
Internet: Cyberspace - Illusion and Reality On Open and Closed Digital Networks  from Kopinor
Internet: Linking Rights  by Brad Templeton
Internet: On-Line Fair Use of Copyrighted Material  Issues and Concerns  by Gérard Martin
Internet: Protection of copyright on the Information Superhighway  by Daniel Gervais, from International Publishers Association
Internet: Publishers’ Rights and Wrongs in the Cyberage
Switzerland: How is music on the Internet handled?  exploitation of music on the Internet  from SUISA
Switzerland: Informatikrecht - Internet und Recht  Datenautobahnen aus der Sicht des Urheberrechts und der verwandten Schutzrechte (in German)
Switzerland: Urheberrecht und Internet, Was wird aus "Copy and Paste"?   by Andreas Böse (in German)
US: Copyright Infringement in Cyberspace  from the West Virginia Journal of Law & Technology
US: Copyright and Internet  Social Claims and Government's Intervention  from Annenberg Scool for Communication
US: Copyright Law and Electronic Access to Information  from First Monday 1996
US: Copyright Law for Webmasters  by Timothy J. Walton
US: Copyright Law Meets the World Wide Web  from Crossroads 1995 by Matt Rosenberg
US: Copyright Liability In Cyberspace  A Primer  from Cyberspace Lawyer
US: Copyrights In Cyberspace  What you need to know about federal copyright law if you want to publish materials you've found on the Internet  from Nolo.com, Inc.
US: Fair Use in the Electronic Age: Serving the Public Interest  working document from Association of Research Libraries
US: Great Internet Panic, The: How Digitization is Deforming Copyright Law  by Anne K. Fujita in Journal of Technology Law & Policy Fall 1996
US: Intellectual Property Law Primer for Multimedia and Web Developers  by J. Dianne Brinson and Mark F. Radcliffe
US: Intellectual Value  What happens to intellectual property when it gets on the Internet?  article by Esther Dyson in Wired, Issue 3.07, Jul 1995
US: Journal of Online Law  electronic publication of scholarly essays about law and online communications-law and cyberspace from Cornell University
US: Recommended Principles for Contracts Covering Online Book Publishing  by the National Writers Union Sep 1994
US: Webcast Licensing Frequently Asked Questions  from RIAA
US: Who Owns Digital Works?  Computer networks challenge copyright law, but some proposed cures may be as bad as the disease  from Scientific American Jul 1996
US: WWW Multimedia Law  copyright - trademark - licensing - web law

--licensing--

Licencing: Committee on Institutional Cooperation Center for Library Initiatives, "Standardized Agreement Language"  for licencing agreements
Licencing Electronic Resources  from Association of Research Libraries
US: It's All In the Fine Print: Online Resources for Software and Database License Review  from Office of General Counsel University of Texas System
US: Liblilicense  Licensing digital information - licensing agreements in the digital age  from Yale University Library
US: Licensing Electronic Resources  Strategic and practical considerations for signing electronic information delivery agreements  from Association of Research Libraries
US: Webcast Licensing Frequently Asked Questions  from RIAA

--multimedia--

Multimedia Copyright Issue  Questions, Concerns and Guidelines: Ownership of Material, Assessment of Royalties, Administration of Royalties, Use of Material, Alternatives
Multimedia: Long term solutions for copyright and multimedia products  Direct licensing - Collective licensing - Technical devices  by Dr. Thomas Hoeren
New Zealand's New Copyright Act Ensures Protection for Multimedia  from A J Park & Son
US: Fair Use Guidelines for Educational Multimedia  Draft, prepared by Consortium of College and University Media Centers (CCUMC) Fair Access Working Committee
US: Intellectual Property Law Primer for Multimedia and Web Developers  by J. Dianne Brinson and Mark F. Radcliffe
US: WWW Multimedia Law  copyright - trademark - licensing - web law

--music--

Ireland: Methods of Licensing Public Performance  IMRO's handbook on the licensing of music performances
Ireland: Music Means Business  FAQ about music licensing and royalties  from IMRO
Ireland: Music, the Law & You - Your Questions Answered  performance rights information for venue owners or managers  from IMRO
Switzerland: Music copyright FAQ  from SUISA
Switzerland: How is music on the Internet handled?  exploitation of music on the Internet  from SUISA
US: Free Music Philosophy, The  site arguing that any individual should have the freedom to copy, distribute, and modify music for personal, noncommercial purposes
US: Guide to Copyright for Music Librarians  from the Music Library Association
US: Lawgirl.com  web site run by a los angeles entertainment attorney - main focus is on copyright and trademark in the music industry and in new media
US: Music Matters  educational web site designed to teach the basics of music publishing and music licensing as practiced in the United States

--protection of electronic information--

Copyright and Author's Rights  the information age and what it means for writers  by Mike Holderness  International Federation of Journalists Freelance conference in Amsterdam
Copyright and Global Libraries: Going with the Flow of Technology  from First Monday, Nov 1997
Copyright in the New World of Electronic Publishing  by William S. Strong
Copyright: Role, Importance and Possibilities of Collecting Societies in a Digital Age  from Kopinor
Copyright's New Digital Guardians  from Businessweek May 6, 1996
Digital Copyright Protection: Deposit, Registration and Recordation in an Electronic Copyright Mangement System  from Coalition for Networked Information
Digital Copyright Protection: Fair Use Vs. Fared Use  The Impact of Automated Rights Management on Copyright's Fair Use Doctrine  by Tom W. Bell, N. Carolina Law Review
Digital Copyright Protection: Intellectual Preservation and Electronic Intellectual Property  by Peter S. Graham  from Coalition for Networked Information
Digital Copyright Protection: Intellectual Property Header Descriptors: A Dynamic Approach  by Luella Upthegrove and Tom Roberts
Digital Copyright Protection: Look, It's Not There  Digital watermarking is the best way to protect intellectual property from illicit copying  by Jian Zhao, Byte Magazine Jan 1997
Digital Copyright Protection: Method for Protecting Copyright on Networks  by Gary N. Griswold from Coalition for Networked Information
Digital Copyright Protection: Trusted Systems  Devices that enforce machine-readable rights to use work published on the Internet  by Mark Stefik, Scientific American Mar 1997
EU: IMPRIMATUR  European Commission Project - Electronic Copyright Management Systems
Practical and Legal Protection of Computer Databases  Definitions, Difficulties in Protecting, Ways to Protect, Copyright, Trade Secrecy, Contract, Practical Means of Protection
US: Basic Principles For Managing Intellectual Property In The Digital Environmentfrom National Humanities Alliance
US: Copyright Law and Electronic Access to Information  from First Monday 1996
US: Extinction of the Digital Lockpicker?  Legal analysis of the White Paper's recommendation to outlaw devices that bypass copyright control  from The Computer Law Report
US: Fair Use in the Electronic Age: Serving the Public Interest  working document from Association of Research Libraries
US: Hot Property  comprehensive WWW resource for intellectual property and copyright law as it applies to electronic media
US: Intellectual Property Rights in an Electronic Environment  Report of the AAU Task Force
US: Revising Copyright Law for the Information Age  by Jessica Litman published in Oregon Law Review 1996
US: Revising the Copyright Law for Electronic Publishing  David J. Loundy from E-Law

--software--

Australia: Suggested Policy on Software Copyright Obligations  joint policy on software copyright and piracy for all Australian Universities  from U. of Western Australia
Australia: Undermining the Property Basis of Software Licences  Australia’s Copyright Amendment (Computer Programs) Bill 1999  from A J Park & Son
Canada: Computer Software Law in Canada  by Philip B. Kerr
India: Copyright of Software  Frequently Asked Questions  from NASSCOM
India: IPR Law in India  computer software intellectual property rights  from NASSCOM
India: Procedure for Registration of Copyright for Software  A Guide for Copyirighting Software  from NASSCOM
Italy: Software Protection  Patent Protection - Copyright Protection - Unfair Competition - General Protection  from Chiomenti e Associati
Japan: Software Protection and Japan's Copyright Law  from Computing Japan June 1995
New Zealand: New Copyright Treaty will not have Major Implications for NZ Information Technology Industry  from A J Park & Son
New Zealand: New IP Rights for Software & Related Issues  Copyright - Patents  from A J Park & Son
Software: International Legal Protection for Software, Copyright Protection  from Fenwick & West LLP
US: Copyrighting Your Software--Why Bother?   from Nolo.com, Inc.
US: Readings on Information and Intellectual Property, Software and copyright law  from MIT
US: Software and copyright law  examination of law cases from MIT
US: Software Development Agreements   from Nolo.com, Inc.
US: Statutory Protection for Computer Software in the United States  from Ladas & Parry

--visual arts--

US: Copyright in Visual Arts  from Franklin Pierce Law Center
US: Copyright of Visual Art  from DaVinci Design

--Country specific--

Algeria: Summary of the Copyright System  from Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
Australia: Attorney-General's Department, Intellectual Property Branch, e-News on Copyright  monthly newsletter
Australia: Copyright and the Internet: New Government reforms  from Murdoch University School of Law
Australia: Copyright Cases  cases in the High Court of Australia and the Federal Court of Australia  from Australian Intellectual Property Law Locus
Australia: Copyright Law in Australia  A Short Guide  from Attorney General's Department
Australia: Suggested Policy on Software Copyright Obligations  joint policy on software copyright and piracy for all Australian Universities  from U. of Western Australia
Australia: Undermining the Property Basis of Software Licences  Australia’s Copyright Amendment (Computer Programs) Bill 1999  from A J Park & Son
Bahrain: Summary of the Copyright Registration System  from Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
Brazil: Direito Autoral  Copyright information site from Ministry of Culture  (in Portuguese)
Canada: Application for Registration of Copyright  from Canadian Intellectual Property Office  in .pdf format (85KB)
Canada: Application for Registration of Copyright Instructions  from Canadian Intellectual Property Office
Canada: Application for Registration of Copyright in Other Subject-matter  from Canadian Intellectual Property Office  in .pdf format (106KB)
Canada: Basics of Canadian Copyright Law  Creation of Copyright Works - Authorship - Ownership of Copyright Worksfrom Industry Canada
Canada: Computer Software Law in Canada  by Philip B. Kerr
Canada: Copyright  Definition - Ownership - Term - International Protection - Registration - Infringement - Summary  from Patent and Trademark Institute of Canada
Canada: Copyright  Frequently Asked Questions from Canadian Intellectual Property Office
Canada: Copyright  Principles of Copyright - Copyright Legislation - Copyright Violation - Copyright Duration - The Public Domain - Various Capyroghts  from AQAD
Canada: Copyright and Information Technology  from Juris Diction
Canada: Copyright FAQs  Canadian Copyright Law Frequently Asked Questions  from McGraw-Hill Ryerson
Canada: Copyright Infringement and the Internet  from Industry Canada
Canada: Copyright Law and Librarians  from McGraw-Hill Ryerson
Canada: Copyright Law in Canada  by Philip B. Kerr
Canada: Copyrightlaws.com  Web site devoted to copyright law, digital property, media, and other intellectual property issues
Canada: Copyright Reform in Canada  Domestic Cultural Policy Objectives and the Challenge of Technological Convergence  from University of Calgary
Canada: Droits d'auteur  Questions courantes (in French)
Canada: Guide des droits d'auteur  (in French)
Canada: Guide to Copyright  Introduction - Copyright protection - Registration - Additional information  - Glossary - Common questionsfrom Canadian Intellectual Property Office
Canada: How your Copyright Application is processed  from Canadian Intellectual Property Office  in .pdf format (74KB)
Canada: Internet Copyright Infringement in Canada  from Industry Canada
Canada: Liability for Internet Copyright Infringement  from Industry Canada
Canada: Queen's University Copyright Policy  Guide for Canada's universities to copyright, fair dealing and collective licensing
Canada: Response to "Copyright and the Information Highway"  from Canadian Association of Photographers and Illustrators in Communications
Chile: Concepto de Derecho de Autor   the overall idea of copyright  from SCD  (in Spanish)
China Carrying the Copyright Banner  by Lynette Owen, Rights & Contracts Director, Addison Wesley Longman (London), from IPA
China: Challenges Facing US-China Partnerships  China has now been identified as the center of counterfeiting activities  by Billy Robbins  fall 1994
China: Copyright Registration Guide
Ecuador: Copyrights Protection  Outlook - Copyright - Agreements entered into by authors - software protection  from Hieros Gamos
Egypt: Summary of the Copyright System  courtesy Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
EU: IMPRIMATUR  European Commission Project - Electronic Copyright Management Systems
EU: Legal Advisory Board Discussion of Commission Green Paper on Copyright  from I*M Europe
EU: Legal Advisory Board Reply to the Green Paper on Copyright and Related Rights in the Information Society from I*M Europe
Finland: Extended Collective License  The Nordic Solution to Complex Copyright Questions  from Kopinor
Finland: Tekijänoikeus: vastauksia usein esitettyihin kysymyksiin  A Finnish Copyright FAQ  by Jukka Korpela (in Finnish)
France: La Propriété Intellectuelle,  Les droits d'auteur  Copyright (in French)
France: Les droits d'auteur sur le web  Copyright on the web (in French)
Germany: Informationen zum Urheberrecht  Information on copyright (in German)
Germany: Juristisches Internet-Projekt Saarbrücken, Abteilung Urheberrecht, Informationen zum Urheberrecht im Internet (in German)
Germany: Urheberrecht und verwandte Schutzrechte  Copyright and related rights (in German)
Germany: Urheberrecht - was ist das eigentlich?  Copyright - what is it really? (in German)
Hong Kong: Copyright  The Copyright Ordinance  from M Grewal & Co
Hong Kong Copyright FAQ  (in Chinese GB)
Hong Kong: Copyright Website, The
Hong Kong Prevention of Copyright Piracy Ordinance Gazetted  general explanation
Iceland: About Copyright  from The Visual Arts Copyright Association
I*M Europe Legal Issues, Intellectual Property intellectual property news site
India: Analysis of Amendments to Copyright Act  from NASSCOM
India: Copyright of Software  Frequently Asked Questions  from NASSCOM
India: IPR Law in India  computer software intellectual property rights  from NASSCOM
India: Procedure for Registration of Copyright for Software  A Guide for Copyirighting Software  from NASSCOM
Ireland: Copyright Reform Bill  press release issued 9 April 1999  from Department of Enterprise, Trade & Employment
Ireland: Copyright - Your Questions Answered  copyright issues that pertain to the music industry  from IMRO
Ireland: Methods of Licensing Public Performance  IMRO's handbook on the licensing of music performances
Ireland: Music Means Business  FAQ about music licensing and royalties  from IMRO
Ireland: Music, the Law & You - Your Questions Answered  performance rights information for venue owners or managers  from IMRO
Italy: Software Protection  Patent Protection - Copyright Protection - Unfair Competition - General Protection  from Chiomenti e Associati
Japan: Copyright Protection of Databases  from CRIC's Copyright Update Japan 1998
Japan: Copyright System in Japan  by Japan Copyright Office
Japan: Copyright System in Japan  by Japan Copyright Office (in Japanese)
Japan: "Indirect Infringement" of Copyrights in a Multimedia Society  from CRIC's Copyright Update Japan 1998
Japan: Scope of an Exhibition Organizer's Privilege to Reproduce Exhibited Artworks in Pamphlets for Visitors  from CRIC's Copyright Update Japan 1998
Japan: Software Protection and Japan's Copyright Law  from Computing Japan June 1995
Japan: What is Copyright?  Copyright FAQ  from CRIC
Jordan: Summary of the Copyright Registration System  from Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
Lebanon: Summary of the Copyright Registration System  from Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
Libya: Summary of the Copyright  Registration System  from Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
Luxembourg: Droits d'auteur & droits voisins  Copyright and related rights (in French)
Malaysia: Copyright In Malaysia  from Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs, Intellectual Property Division
Mexico: Derechos de Autor  Copyright general information (in Spanish)
Mexico: Intellectual Property Protection and Enforcement in Mexico  by Christina Moeckel
Monaco: La propriété littéraire et artistique   Copyright protection (in French)
Morocco: Summary of the Copyright System  from Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
New Zealand: Copyright Law explained  What is Copyright? - Duration of Copyright Protection - Infringement  from Copyright Licensing Ltd
New Zealand: New Copyright Treaty will not have Major Implications for NZ Information Technology Industry   from A J Park & Son
New Zealand: New IP Rights for Software & Related Issues  Copyright - Patents  from A J Park & Son
New Zealand: Overview of Copyright Law  from Baldwin Son and Carey
New Zealand's New Copyright Act Ensures Protection for Multimedia from A J Park & Son
New Zealand: Statutory Exceptions to Infringement  What can I copy?  from Copyright Licensing Ltd
Norway: Clara  An Online Information Centre for Copyright and Clearance
Norway: Extended Collective License  The Nordic Solution to Complex Copyright Questions  from Kopinor
Oman: Summary of the Copyright Registration System  from Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
Qatar: Summary of the Copyright System  from Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
Russia: Copyright Website, The  (in Russian)
Russia: Protect your copyright  (in Russian)
Saudi Arabia: Summary of the Copyright Registration System  from Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
Singapore: Copyright and Related Rights  Basic Information On Copyright and Related Rights  from Intellectual Property Office of Singapore
South Africa: Copyright  What is copyright? - What sort of works enjoy copyright protection? - Who owns the copyright? - When is the copyright infringed?  from Spoor and Fisher
South Africa: Copyright Articles  from Spoor and Fisher
Spain: Intellectual Property  Copyright  from  J.& A. Garrigues
Sudan: Summary of the Copyright Registration System  from Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
Sweden: Extended Collective License  The Nordic Solution to Complex Copyright Questions  from Kopinor
Switzerland: Copyright and neighbouring rights
Switzerland: Droit d’auteurs et droits voisins  (in French)
Switzerland: How is music on the Internet handled?  exploitation of music on the Internet  from SUISA
Switzerland: Informatikrecht - Internet und Recht  Datenautobahnen aus der Sicht des Urheberrechts und der verwandten Schutzrechte (in German)
Switzerland: Music copyright FAQ   from SUISA
Switzerland: Urheberrecht und Internet, Was wird aus "Copy and Paste"?   by Andreas Böse  (in German)
Taiwan: Copyright Protection  About the ROC Copyright Law  from Ministry of the Interior
Thailand: Intellectual Property  Copyrights - Trademarks  from Tilleke & Gibbins
Tunisia: Summary of the Copyright Registration System  from Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
UAE: Summary of the Copyright Registration System  from Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
UK: Copyright  General information; FAQs; Design right & protection for semiconductor chips; the Copyright Directorate; News; Legislation; The Copyright Tribunal  from the UK Patent Office
UK: Journal of Copyrights  from Ed Barrow
US: 10 Big Myths about copyright explained  answers to common myths about copyright and USENET/Internet publication  by Brad Templeton
US: Association of Research Libraries, Copyright and Intellectual Property  resouce page
US: Are Ideas Within the Traditional Definition of Property?: A Jurisprudential Analysis  by Andrew Beckerman-Rodau from Arkansas Law Review
US: Authors in the New Information Age  A Working Paper on Electronic Publishing Issues  from National Writers Union Sep 14, 1995
US: Basic Principles For Managing Intellectual Property In The Digital Environmentfrom National Humanities Alliance
US: Changes to US Copyright Under GATT  January 1995  from Pillsbury Madison & Sutro LLP
US: Cognizance of Copyrights and Copy Wrongs  An Ethical Edge in Education  by Duane Goehner
US: Comments on Government White Paper on Intellectual Property & The National Information Infrastructureby the National Writers' Union
US: Commerce Department's White Paper on National and Global Information Infrastructure  review of While Paper commissioned by group of library associations
US: Copyright  General information  from Cowan Law Links
US: Copyright  General information  from Richard E. Backus
US: Copyright  General information  from Workman, Nydegger & Seeley
US: Copyright Basics  from Institute for Learning Technologies
US: Copyright Basics  from Lawgirl.com
US: Copyright Basics  These FAQs explain what a copyright is and what exactly it protects  from Nolo.com, Inc.
US: Copyright Basics  from Wheat, Smith & Beres, PLC
US: Copyright & Fair Use  Primary Materials - Current Legislation, Cases and Issues - Resources on the Internet - Overview of Copyright Law  from Stanford University Librairies
US: Copyright & Fair Use  Resource site  from Pannell Library
US: Copyright FAQ  by Terrence J. Carroll
US: Copyright: Frequently Asked Questions  from MIT Copyright Working Group
US: Copyright Guidelines  for teachers and librarians - Classroom Photocopying - Video Guidelines - Software Guidelines  from University of North Carolina Law School
US: Copyright Implementation Manual  Copyright Act Overview - Fair Use and the Guidelines - Specific Applications for educational purposes  from Groton Public Schools
US: Copyright Infringement in Cyberspace  from the West Virginia Journal of Law & Technology
US: Copyright and Intellectual Property  News and New Files - Pending Legislation - Copyright Files - Sui Generis Database Protection  from USACM
US: Copyright and Intellectual Property  Resource page  from Association of Research Libraries
US: Copyright and Internet  Social Claims and Government's Intervention  from Annenberg Scool for Communication
US: Copyright in Visual Arts  from Franklin Pierce Law Center
US: Copyright Law and Electronic Access to Information  from First Monday 1996
US: Copyright Law and Fair Use  from Stanford University
US: Copyright Law and the Doctoral Dissertation  Guidelines to Your Legal Rights and Responsibilities  from San Jose State University
US: Copyright law and electronic compilations of data  from Communications of the ACM  Feb 1992  by Pamela Samuelson
US: Copyright Law Changes That May Affect You  Congress passed new copyright laws in 1998. You may find a few surprises in the new laws  from Nolo.com, Inc.
US: Copyright Law for Webmasters  by Timothy J. Walton
US: Copyright Law in the United States  from BitLaw
US: Copyright Law, Libraries and Universities  from San Jose State University
US: Copyright Law Meets the World Wide Web  from Crossroads 1995 by Matt Rosenberg
US: Copyright Liability In Cyberspace  A Primer  from Cyberspace Lawyer
US: Copyright Litigation and Practice  from Gordon & Glickson  in .pdf format
US: Copyright Noncompliance (or why we can't "Just say yes" to licensing)  by Jessica Litman published in New York University Journal of International Law & Policy 1997
US: Copyright of Visual Art  from DaVinci Design
US: Copyright Ownership: Who Owns What?   from Nolo.com, Inc.
US: Copyright & Preservation  "A Serious Problem in Need of a Thoughtful Solution"  from The Commission on Preservation and Access
US: Copyright Protection: What It Is, How It Works  FAQs to help you protect your creative work  from Nolo.com, Inc.
US: Copyright Registration  This site provides you with the forms and walks you through each step  from Lawgilr.com
US: Copyright Registration  Why and how  to register your articles  from the American Association of Journalists and Authors
US: Copyright Registration and Enforcement  from Nolo.com, Inc.
US: Copyright: Registration, Infringement and Dilution  from FindLaw
US: Copyright Resources for Education Online  from Institute for Learning Technologies
US: Copyright Resources Online  from Yale University
US: Copyright Qs and As  from Brown, Pinnisi & Michaels, PC
US: Copyrights  a complete guide  from Nolo.com, Inc.
US: Copyrights  Alerts and articles written by Arent Fox attorneys on copyrights
US: Copyrights  General Copyright Information  from PTC World
US: Copyrights  Primer on copyrights from Jaeckle Fleischmann & Mugel, LLP
US: Copyrights  Definition - Ownership of Copyrights - Notice & Registration - Term & Transfer of Copyrights - Infringement - Defenses - Remedies  from Seed and Berry LLP
US: Copyrights In Cyberspace  What you need to know about federal copyright law if you want to publish materials you've found on the Internet  from Nolo.com, Inc.
US: Copyright Tutorial  Copyright Basics - Fair Use - The Library - Books - Faculty - Photocopying - Musical Works - Students - Computers and the WWW  from North Carolina State University
US: Copyright Website, The  real world, practical and relevant copyright information
US: Crash Course in Copyright  Fair use - Who owns what? - Creating multimedia - Copyright in the digital library - Copyright management - Licensing resources, etc. from U. of Texas
US: Economy of Ideas, The  A framework for rethinking patents and copyrights in the Digital Age  article by John Perry Barlow in Wired, Issue 2.03, Mar 1994
US: Educator's Copyright Survival Guide  from Institute for Learning Technologies
US: Ethical Edge in Education, An: Cognizance of Copyrights and Copy Wrongs  by Duane Goehner
US: Extinction of the Digital Lockpicker?  Legal analysis of the White Paper's recommendation to outlaw devices that bypass copyright control  from The Computer Law Report
US: Fair Use Guidelines for Educational Multimedia  Draft, prepared by Consortium of College and University Media Centers (CCUMC) Fair Access Working Committee
US: Fair Use in the Electronic Age: Serving the Public Interest  working document from Association of Research Libraries
US: Fair Use of Copyrighted Works  University guidelines - Meaning for higher education - Obtaining permission, etc.,  from CETUS
US: Free Music Philosophy, The  site arguing that any individual should have the freedom to copy, distribute, and modify music for personal, noncommercial purposes
US: Grading Teachers On Copyright Law--Videotaping For The Classroom  from Nolo.com, Inc.
US: Great Internet Panic, The: How Digitization is Deforming Copyright Law  by Anne K. Fujita in Journal of Technology Law & Policy Fall 1996
US: Guide to Copyright for Music Librarians  from the Music Library Association
US: Hot Property  comprehensive WWW resource for intellectual property and copyright law as it applies to electronic media
US: ILTguide to Copyright  from Columbia University
US: Intellectual Property Information: Resources and Services  from North Carolina State University Libraries
US: Intellectual Property Law Primer for Multimedia and Web Developers  by J. Dianne Brinson and Mark F. Radcliffe
US: Intellectual Property and the National Information Infrastructure  report of the Working Group on Intellectual Property Rights
US: "Intellectual Property Online: Patent, Trademark, Copyright" Archive  from Electronic Frontier Foundation
US: Intellectual Property Rights in an Electronic Environment  Report of the AAU Task Force
US: Intellectual Value  What happens to intellectual property when it gets on the Internet?  article by Esther Dyson in Wired, Issue 3.07, Jul 1995
US: Interim Guidelines for the Use of Copyrighted Works  guidelines for educators and librarians - photocopying - video - archiving - music  from University of Minnesota
US: It's All In the Fine Print: Online Resources for Software and Database License Review  from Office of General Counsel University of Texas System
US: Journal of Online Law  electronic publication of scholarly essays about law and online communications-law and cyberspace from Cornell University
US: Lawgirl.comweb site run by a los angeles entertainment attorney - main focus is on copyright and trademark in the music industry and in new media
US: Legally Speaking: Self-plagiarism or Fair Use?  law concerning reuse of previous writings in subsequent articles by same author by Pamela Samuelson
US: LiblilicenseLicensing digital information - licensing agreements in the digital age  from Yale University Library
US: Licensing Electronic Resources  Strategic and practical considerations for signing electronic information delivery agreements  from Association of Research Libraries
US: Model Copyright Policy  Model University Policy Regarding Faculty Publication in Scientific and Technical Scholarly Journals  from Triangle Research Libraries Network
US: Music and the Copyright Laws  from Gordon & Glickson P.C.
US: Music Matters  educational web site designed to teach the basics of music publishing and music licensing as practiced in the United States
US: Opposing Copyright Extension  A Forum for Information on Congress's Recent Extension of the Term of Copyright Protection and for Promoting the Public Domain
US: Professors and Universities Anticipate Disputes Over the Earnings From Distance Learning  from Colloquy 1998
US: Property Rights in the Electronic Dawn  from Institute for Learning Technologies at Columbia University
US: Recommended Principles for Contracts Covering Online Book Publishing  by the National Writers Union Sep 1994
US: Regents Guide to Understanding Copyright and Educational Fair Use  from University System of Georgia Board of Regents
US: Report on Copyright and Digital Distance Education  from U.S. Copyright Office  in .pdf format
US: Revising Copyright Law for the Information Age  by Jessica Litman published in Oregon Law Review 1996
US: Revising the Copyright Law for Electronic Publishing  David J. Loundy from E-Law
US: Scanning: Association of American Publishers Position Paper on Scanning
US: Software and copyright law  examination of law cases from MIT
US: Statement of Principles on Contracts Between Writers and Electronic Book Publishersby the National Writers Union Apr 1994
US: Statutory Protection for Computer Software in the United States  from Ladas & Parry
US: Timeline: A History of Copyright in the U.S.  from Association of Research Libraries
US: Tightening the Copyright Noose  Why You Should Be Worried About the White Paper on Intellectual Property Rights and the National Information Infrastructure  by Pamela Samuelson
US: Webcast Licensing Frequently Asked Questions  from RIAA
US: What is a Copyright?  Ownership - Term of a copyright - Do I need to register my work with the Copyright Office? - How to register  from Firstuse.com, Inc.
US: What Part of a Creative Work Does Copyright Protect?  from Nolo.com, Inc.
US: When Copying Is Ok--The 'Fair Use' Rule   from Nolo.com, Inc.
US: When Works Pass into the Public Domain  by Laura Gasaway
US: Who Owns Digital Works?  Computer networks challenge copyright law, but some proposed cures may be as bad as the disease  from Scientific American Jul 1996
US: WWW Multimedia Law  copyright - trademark - licensing - web law

Copyright Laws

--International Conventions--

Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works
Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms  18 Apr 1973
GATT, Uruguay Round Agreements Act, Title V -- Intellectual Property  Subtitle A--Copyright Provisions
International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations  18 May 1964
Universal Copyright Convention  as revised at Paris on 24 Jul 1971

--Regional Laws and Directives--

European Communities Directive on Copyright Harmonisation  Proposal for a Council Directive aimed at the Information Society
European Communities Directive on Software Copyrights  Council Directive of 14 May 1991 on the legal protection of computer programs
NAFTA: Intellectual Property  Part Six, Chapter Seventeen

--National Acts and Laws--

Algeria: Copyright Legislation  Constitution of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria Article (54) courtesy Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
Australia: Copyright Act  1968
Austria: Copyright Law  Urheberrechtgesetz (in German) in .pdf format (172KB)
Austria: Copyright Law  Urheberrechtgesetz (in German)  alternate site
Bahrain: Law Decree in respect of the Protection of Copyrights  No. (10) for 1993  courtesy Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
Belarus: Copyright Law (in Russian)
Brazil: Copyright Laws and Decrees [Direito Autoral Legislação]  from Ministry of Culture (in Portuguese)
Canada Copyright Act
Canada: Copyright Regulations and Tariff of Fees
Chile: Copyright Law  Proyecto de Ley, Titulo I, Derecho de Autor, Ley No. 17.336 (in Spanish)
China: Copyright Law of People's Republic of China
China: Copyright Law of People's Republic of China (in Chinese)
Croatia: Copyright Law  Rights of Authors - Rights of Performers  unofficial translation
Croatia: Law on the Amendments of the Copyright Law
Egypt: Copyright Statute  courtesy Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
France: Copyright Law  le code français de la propriété intellectuelle  - 1ère partie : la propriété littéraire et artistique - courtesy Les éditions des Parques (in French)
German Copyright Law [Das deutsche Urheberrechtsgesetz]  from Transpatent (in German)
German Copyright Awareness Law [Urheberrechtswahrnehmungsgesetz]  from Transpatent (in German)
Hong Kong Copyright Ordinance  Cap 528, full text of law
Hong Kong Prevention of Copyright Piracy Ordinance  Cap 544, full text of law
Hong Kong Registered Designs Ordinance  Cap 522, full text of law
Iraq: Copyright Law  No. (3) for the Year 1971 for the Protection of Copyright  courtesy Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
Italy: Copyright Law  Protezione del diritto d'autore e di altri diritti connessi al suo esercizio - Legge 22 aprile 1941 n. 633  courtesy MediaLaw (in Italian)
Japan: Copyright Law of Japan
Jordan: Copyright Protection Law  Law No. 22 for the Year 1992 courtesy Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
Lebanon: Artistic and Literary Ownership  Articles  courtesy Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
Libya: Copyright Protection Law  Law No. (9) for 1968 courtesy Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
Luxembourg: Copyright Law [Droit d'Auteur] (in French)
Mexico: Copyright Law  [Ley Federal de Derechos de Autor] (in Spanish)
Morocco: Copyright Law  Royal Decree No. 135.69.1 dated 29 Jul 1970  courtesy Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
Netherlands: Copyright Law (in Dutch)
Norway: Copyright Act  Act no. 2 of 12 May 1961 Relating to Copyright in Literary, Scientific and Artistic Works, etc., with subsequent amendments - unnoficial translation
Oman: Copyright Law  Royal Decree No. 47/96courtesy Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
Philippines: Law on Copyright
Qatar: Law in respect of The Protection of Intellectual Works & CopyrightsAmiri Law No. 25 for 1995 courtesy Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
Russian Copyright Law
Russia: Copyright Law (in Russian)
Russia: Copyright Law  alternate site (in Russian)
Saudi Arabia: Law for the Protection of Copyrights  courtesy Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
Singapore: Registry of Trade Marks and Patents, Copyright and Related Rights
Slovenia: Copyright and Related Rights Act  Mar 30, 1995
Sudan: Copyright Protection Act  1974 Act No. 49  courtesy Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
Swiss Copyright Law [Bundesgesetz über das Urheberrecht und verwandte Schutzrechte] (in German)
Taiwan: Copyright Law  Jan 21, 1998  courtesy Saint Island International Patent and Law Offices
Tajikistan: Law on Copyright and Related Rights
Thai Copyright Act  1978
Tunisia: Law in respect of Literary & Artistic Property  Law No. (36)  for 1994  courtesy Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
Ukraine: Copyright Law (in Russian)
UAE: Law for the Protection of Intellectual Works and Copyright  Federal Law No. 40 for the year 1992  courtesy Abu-Ghazeleh Intellectual Property
US: Copyright Law
US: Copyright Law  alternate site
US: Digital Millennium Copyright Act  in pdf format
US: National Information Infrastructure Copyright Protection Act of 1995  H.R.2441 Introduced in the House
Uruguay: Copyright Law  Propiedad Literaria y Artistica Ley 9.739 Dec 15, 1937 (in Spanish)
Vietnam: Copyright Law

Music Mechanical Rights Societies and Collection Agencies

Australia: AMCOS  Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners Society
BIEM  Bureau International des Sociétés Gérant les Droits d'Enrégistrement et de Réproduction Mécanique - International body
Canada: CMRRA  Canadian Musical Reproduction Rights Agency
Denmark: NCB  Nordisk Copyright Bureau - Nordic mechanical copyright society that works on behalf of the national performing rights societies in the Nordic area
France: SDRM  Société pour l'Administration du Droit de Reproduction Mécanique des Auteurs, Compositeurs et Editeurs - Writers', composers' and publishers' RRO (in French)
Greece: AEPI  Hellenic Society for the Protection of Intellectual Property
Italy: SIAE  Società Italiana degli Autori ed Editori - Italian Society of Authors and Publishers
Netherlands: STEMRA  Dutch music copyright organization
Norway: GRAMO  organisation with the object of negotiating, collecting and distributing remuneration for broadcasting in Norway of phonograms and other recordings
UK: MCPS  Mechanical Copyright Protection Society
US: Harry Fox Agency, Inc., The  information source, clearinghouse and monitoring service for licensing musical copyrights

Music Performing Rights Societies

Argentina: SADAIC  Sociedad Argentina de Autores y Compositores de Música - administrates rights of composers, lyricists and music publishers (in Spanish)
Australia & New Zealand: APRA  Australasian Performing Right Association - association of composers, lyricists and music publishers in Australia and New Zealand
Austria: AKM  Autoren, Komponisten, Musikverleger Gen.mbH - copyright royalty collection society for performance and broadcast of music (in German)
Belgium: SABAM  Belgian Society of Authors, Composers and Publishers - Société d'Auteurs Belge/Belgische Auteurs Maatschappij (in French and Ducth)
Brazil: SICAM  Sociedade Independente dos Compositores e Autores Musicais - Independent society of musical authors and composers (in Portuguese)
Brazil: UBC  União Brasileira de Compositores - Brazilian Composers Union - society to administer the rights of musical authors, composers and publishers
Canada: SOCAN  Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada
Chile: SCD  Sociedad Chileno del Derecho de Autor - copyright royaly collection agency for musical authors, composers and publishers (in Spanish)
Denmark: KODA  Selskabet til Forvaltning af Internationale Komponistrettighederi Danmark (in Danish)
Finland: TEOSTO  Säveltäjäin Tekijänoikeustoimisto Teosto r.y./Finlands Tonsättares Internationella Upphovsrättsbyrå Teosto rf   (in Finnish and Swedish)
France: SACEM  Societe des Auteurs Compositeurs et Editeurs de Musique - Society of Musical Authors, Composers and Publishers
Estonia: EAU  Estonian Authors Society - represents authors of musical works and authors of works of drama - administers author's rights
Germany: GEMA  German Author's Rights Society
Greece: AEPI  Hellenic Society for the Protection of Intellectual Property
Hungary: ARTISJUS  Hungarian Bureau for the Protection of Authors' Rights (in Hungarian)
Iceland: STEF  Samband Tonskaloa Og Eigenda Fluntningsrettar (in Icelandic)
Ireland: IMRO  Irish Music Rights Organisation - copyright protection organisation for music composers, authors and publishers
Ireland: PPI  Phonographic Performance (Ireland) Limited - collects royalties when sound recording is played in public, broadcast on the radio or carried over a cable service
Israel: ACUM  Society of Authors, Composers and Music Publishers in Israel
Italy: SIAE  Società Italiana degli Autori ed Editori - Italian Society of Authors and Publishers
Japan: GEIDANKYO  Japan Council of Performers' Organizations - Nihon Geino Jitsuenka Dantai Kyogikai
Japan: JASRAC  society pursuing intermediary business involving musical copyrights
Japan: RIAJ  Recording Industry Association of Japan - collects secondary use fees from broadcasters and remuneration from record rental business (in Japanese)
Mexico: SACM  Sociedad de Autores y Compositores de Mùsica S. de G.C. de I.P. - copyright collecting society for musical authors and composers
Netherlands: BUMA  Dutch music copyright organization
Norway: TONO  Norsk Komponistforenings Internasjonale Musikkbyra (in Norwegian)
Portugal: SPA  Sociedade Portuguesa de Autores - mechanical and performance royalty collection agency for all literary and artistic works inc. music and multimedia
Russian Authors' Society  copyright agency
Singapore: COMPASS  Composers & Authors Society of Singapore Ltd
Spain: SGAE  Sociedad General Autores y Editores (in Spanish)
Sweden: SAMI  Swedish Artists' and Musicians' Interest Organization - collects and distributes compensation for the public use of recorded performances
Sweden: STIM  Swedish Performing Rights Society - Svenska Tonsättares Internationella Musikbyrå
Switzerland: SUISA  Swiss Copyright Society
Trinidad and Tobago: COTT  Copyright Organisation of Trinidad and Tobago Ltd. - membership association of composers, authors and publishers of music
UK: PRS  Performing Rights Society
US: ASCAP  American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers
US: BMI  Broadcast Music Inc.
US: SESAC  performing rights organization, with headquarters in Nashville and offices in New York and London
Uruguay: AGADU  Asociación General de Autores de Uruguay - association to administer copyrights of authors (musical, literary and theatrical)  (in Spanish)
Venezuela: SACVEN  Sociedad de Autores y Compositores de Venezuela - collects performance and mechanical royalties for musical and theatrical works

Reproduction Rights Organisations

Australia: CAL  Copyright Agency Limited - copyright management for authors and publishers, by collecting and distributing licensing fees charged for copying published works
Canada: CANCOPY  Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency
Canada: COPIBEC  Société québécoise de gestion collective des droits de reproduction - authorising the usage of copyright-protected works within Québec
Denmark: COPY-DAN  the Joint Collecting Society  for Copyrights in Denmark
Denmark: Gramex
Finland: Kopiosto  joint copyright organization for authors and publishers
France: C.F.C.  Centre Français d'exploitation du droit de Copie - reproduction rights organisation (in French)
France: SDRM  Société pour l'Administration du Droit de Reproduction Mécanique des Auteurs, Compositeurs et Editeurs - Writers', composers' and publishers' RRO  (in French)
Germany: VG Bild-Kunst  Verwertungsgesellschaft Bild-Kunst - RRO for the reproduction rights of graphics and images (in German)
Germany: VG Wort  Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort - RRO for the reproduction rights of the printed and spoken word (in German)
Hungary: ARTISJUS  Hungarian Bureau for the Protection of Authors' Rights (in Hungarian)
International Federation of Reproduction Rights Organisations
Japan: JRRC  Japan Reprographic Rights Center
Malta: KOPJAMALT  Copyright Licensing Agency for the Maltese Islands
Netherlands: Stichting Pro  Publicatie- en Reproductierechten Organisatie - publishing and reproduction rights organisation (in Dutch)
Netherlands: Stichting Reprorecht  behartigt de belangen van auteurs en uitgevers (in Dutch)
New Zealand: Copyright Licensing Limited  copyright and the copying of extracts from printed published works such as books, journals and periodicals in New Zealand
Norway: Kopinor  The Reproduction Rights Organisation of Norway
Russian Authors' Society  copyright agency
Singapore: COMPASS  Composers & Authors Society of Singapore Ltd
South Africa: DALRO  Dramatic, Artistic and Literary Rights Organisation - Reprographic Reproduction of Copyright Material for Educational Purposes
Spain: CEDRO  Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos - Spanish Centre for Reproduction Rights - Entidad de Autores y Editores (in Spanish)
Sweden: ALIS  Administration av litterära rättigheter i Sverige - copyright royalty collection agency for literary works (in Swedish)
Sweden: BONUS  Pictures, Words, Printed Music - Joint Copyright Organization - Bild Ord Not Upphovsrättslig Samorganisation
Sweden: Copyswede  Swedish authors' and performers' collecting society
Sweden: Presskopia  reproductive rights organisation for newspaper and magazine articles
Switzerland: ProLitteris  Schweizerische Urheberrechtsgesellschaft für Literatur und bildende Kunst - the Swiss copyright society for literature and visual arts
UK: Copyright Licensing Agency
US: AARC  Alliance of Artists and Recording Companies - collects royalties from manufacturers of digital audio recorders, tapes and discs to compensate for home taping
US: Copyright Clearance Center

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